These two characteristics of inequitable income distribution and social polarization have long had a significant impact on the modernization of the Latin American region. Brazil has prominent features in Latin American countries. In 2003, Lula formally assumed the presidency.Around the time when Lula officially came to power, Brazil encountered major social and economic problems. As a core reform measure, the neo-liberalism promoted in the 1990s helped Brazil maintain a relatively stable macroeconomic system in the subsequent period and effectively control the existing fiscal deficits. However, when it was developed into the 1990s, Brazil's economic system was extremely fragile, which led to serious financial turbulence, social injustice became more serious, and social conflicts intensified.
During the Lula government, while implementing a pragmatic economic policy and promoting economic growth, the Labor Party government also pursued an active social policy aimed at combating poverty and seeking social justice. Brazilian social policy embodies the development concept of “inclusive development”. It emphasizes the legitimacy of policies and the scientificity of top-level design. It has clear policy goals and extensive social participation. It has achieved significant results in reducing poverty and demonstrated strong social governance capabilities.
However, the lax disciplines in the financial system, the huge social expenditures, the problems in the retirement system, and unreasonable rescue planning have led to relatively large fiscal pressures. Therefore, in the process of maintaining relatively rapid economic growth in Brazil, it is necessary to point out that the entire society should adopt supporting integration and streamlined treatment, take full consideration of the special characteristics of the poor, and strengthen the targeting of the middle class in the new stage of medical care and education. Dimensional requirements, increase the coverage efficiency of related measures, and achieve more ideal service quality.
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