研究目的:本研究目標是探討澳門社工情緒勞務、情緒調節功能與社工工作壓力之間的關係。了解社工的情織勞務的情形,及情緒調節是否會對社工的壓力形成作用,本次研究目的為(1)探討澳門社工的情緒勞務、情緒調節與心理健康的現況;(2)探討澳門社工的情緒勞務、情緒調節與心理健康的相關性;(3)探討情緒勞務、情緒調節對心理健康的預測作用;(4)討論情緒調節在情緒勞務與心理健康之間的調節作用。
研究方法:本研究以澳門社工為對象,進行問卷調查。每位受訪者填寫四份量表,包括、情緒勞務量表、情緒調節量表與一般健康量表、基本資料。根據研究目的以獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因素方差分析、相關分析、迴歸分析等統計方式進行假設考驗。
研究結果:(1)社工的情緒勞務越高,則有越多負向心理健康問題。(2)社工傾向用認知重評情緒調整策略,則心理健康程度較佳;社工傾向用表情緒調整策略,則心理健康程度較差(3)社工的情緒勞務有效正向預測負向心理健;認知重評顯著負向預測正向心理健康,而表達抑制可以顯著正向預測負向心理健康。(4) 認知重評可以調節情緒勞務與負向心理健康。
研究建議: (1) 為社工推出情緒管理課程。(2)合理去調整社工的薪金比例。(3)為社工建立一個規範的輔導、支援系統。(4)機構建立一個良好的督導系統。(5)機構對年資低的社工進行內部培訓及情緒支援。(6)社工及時統整自己的職業現況,及時調整職業的方向。(7) 社工多元發展自身的支援網絡。
Objective: The goal of this study is to explore the relationship between the emotional service, emotional regulation function and the pressure of social worker work in Macao. To understand the situation of social workers' emotional services, and whether emotional regulation will play a role in the stress of social workers, the purpose of this study is (1) to explore the current situation of emotional services, emotional regulation and mental health of social workers in Macao;
Research Methods: This study was conducted with Social Workers in Macau as the target. Each respondent filled out four questionnaires, including, emotional labor scale, mood adjustment scale and general health scale, basic information. According to the research purpose, the hypothesis test is carried out by independent sample t-checking, single-factor variance analy``sis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other statistical methods.
Results:(1) The higher the emotional service of social workers, the more negative mental health problems there are. (2) Social workers tend to use cognitive re-evaluation emotional adjustment strategy, then the mental health level is better, social workers tend to use table emotion adjustment strategy, then poor mental health level (3) social worker's emotional service effective positive prediction negative mental health, cognitive re-evaluation significant negative forecast positive mental health, and expression inhibition can significantly positive predict negative mental health. (4) Cognitive re-evaluation can regulate emotional service and negative mental health.
Study recommendations: (1) Introduce emotional management courses for social workers. (2) Reasonably adjust the salary ratio of social workers. (3) Establish a standardized guidance and support system for social workers. (4) The organization establishes a good supervision system. (5) The organization provides internal training and emotional support to social workers with low seniority. (6) Social workers can coordinate their own professional status in time and adjust their career direction in time. (7) Social workers diversify their own support network.
網絡資料:
1. 澳門社會工作局。www.ias.gov.mo
2. 澳門人才發展委員會。www.scdt.gov.mo
3. 香港社會工作人員協會。http://www.hkswa.org.hk
4. 國際社會工作者聯會。http://ifsw.org/
5. 澳門統計局。www.dsec.gov.mo
6. 臺灣社會工作專業人員協會。https://www.tasw.org.tw/tw/index
7. Social Work England. https://www.socialworkengland.org.uk/
8. Singapore Association of Social Workers. https://www.sasw.org.sg/index.php
9. National Association of Social Worker: https://www.socialworkers.org/
10. Power Social Worker: http://www.welfare.net/site/index.jsp
英文參考資料:
1. Wichroski M. (1994). The secretary:Invisible labor in the workword of women. Human Organization.pp.33-41.
2. BrownGAllan.& BourneIain. (1996). The social work supervisor : supervision in community.day care.and residential settings. London: Buckingham & Philadelphia.
3. Glomb T M.mmeyer-Mueller J D.Rotundo M. (2004). Emotional labor demands and demands and compensating wage differentials. Journal of Applied Psychology.pp.700-714.
4. Grandey. A.& Brauburger . L. (2002). The emotion regulation behind the customer service smile. In R. G. Lord R. J. Klimoski& R. Kanfer (Eds.) Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior. Jossey-Bass pp.60-294.
5. Gross.J.J.&JohnO. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation process: Implications for affect regulationships and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
6. Gross.J.J.&Jhon O P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation process: Implications for affect regulationships and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology pp. 348-362.
7. GrossJ.J.(1998).Antecedent and Response focused emotion regulation:divretgent consequences for experience expression and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.pp.224-237.
8. HochschildR.A. (1983). The Managed Heart: Commericalization of Human Feeling. Berkeley CA: University of California Press.
9. HochschildR.A. (1993). Preface. In S. Fineman (Ed.)Emotion in organizations pp.36-57. London: Sage.
10. Jahoda(1958). M. (1985). Current concepts of positive mental health. Basic Book: New York.
11. Matsumoto D Takeuchi S Andayani S. (1998). The conteibution of individualism vs. collectivism to cross-national differences in display rules. Asian Journal of Social Psy.pp.147-165.
12. MorrisA. & Feldman D. C.J. (1996). The dimension antecedents and consequences.
13. Robinson R. & Pennebaker J. W. (1991). Emotion and health: Towards an integrative approach. In K. Strongman (Ed.)。 International review of studies on emotion (Vol.1 pp. 247-267). Wiley
14. Winstead-Fry. (1980). The scientific method and its impact on holistic health. Advances in Nursing.