Nursing home in Macao needs to alter the current operating strategy so as to keep up with the trend of the ageing population.
This study adopts qualitative research method and uses the framework of the 'CORPS' model. This study adopted semi-structured interviews and interview questions based on previous studies. In-depth interviews were conducted with the operators and the employees of the public and private nursing home in Macao. Finally, the collected data was analyzed by using the ground theory.
The results of the study found that both types of nursing homes are operation stably and show their uniqueness after internal planning ; however, their manpower and service quality are significantly different owing to lack of resources.
Both of the nursing homes are suggested to create unique reserve of resources for long-term operation. Macau SAR government should also help to maintain service quality by providing service evaluation.
The limitation of this research is that not every nursing home in Macao has been interviewed. Thus, the result in this research does not represent the operating strategies of the entire industry in the Macao context.
英文資料
1. Arsenault, A., & Anderson, G. (1998). Fundamentals of educational
research.(2nd). London: Falmer Press. P119-135.
2. Boshoff, C., & Mels, G. (1995). A Causal Model to Evaluate the Relationships among Supervision, Role Stress, Organizational Commitment and Internal Service Quality. European Journal of Marketing, 29(2), 23–42(20). https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569510080932
3.Brody, S. J., & Masciocchi, C. (1980). Data for Long-Term Care Planning by Health Systems Agencies. American Journal of Public Health, 70(11), 1194–1198. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.70.11.1194
4. Brook, R. H., McGlynn, E. A., & Shekelle, P. G. (2000). Defining and measuring quality of care: a perspective from US researchers. International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care, 12(4), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/12.4.281
5. Brinckerhoff, P. C. (2004). 非營利標竿管理 (江明修, Trans.). 台北:智勝.
6. Bryant, N., & Stone, R. (2008). The Role of State Policy in Developing the Long-Term-Care Workforce. Journal of the American Society on Aging, 32(3), 71–76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26555604
Burgers , A., Ruyter , K. D., keen , C., & Streukens , S. (2000). Your Search Was Processed without Automatic Term Mapping Because It Retrieved Zero Results. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 11(2), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564230010323642
7. Burton, C. E., & Burton, D. T. (1984). Job expectations of senior nursing students. Nurse educator, 9(1), 14–24.
8. Chui E. W. (2011). Long-term care policy in Hong Kong: challenges and future directions. Home health care services quarterly, 30(3), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621424.2011.592413
9. Colombo, F., et al. (2011), Help Wanted?: Providing and Paying for Long-Term Care, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264097759-en.
10. Creswell , J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (張宇樑、吳樎椒譯.). 台北市:學富.
11. Dean, D. (1996). Cost Effectiveness and Quality Nursing Care. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 10(3), 153.
12. Donabedian, A. (1980). Explorations in Quality Assessment and Monitoring, The Definition of Quality and Approaches to its Assessment. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Health Administration Press, 1(1), 36-48.
13. Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building Theories from Case Study Research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308385
14. Evashwick , C. J. (2005). The Continuum of Long-Term Care. Cengage Learning, Inc.
15. Fizel , J. L., & nunnikhoven, T. S. (1992). Technical Efficiency of For-Profit and Non-Profit Nursing Homes. Managerial and Decision Economics, 13(5), 429–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090130507
16. Frijters, P., Shields, M. A., & Price, S. W. (2007). Investigating the quitting decision of nurses: panel data evidence from the British National Health Service. Health economics, 16(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1144
17. Garavaglia, G., Lettieri, E., Agasisti, T., & Lopez, S. (2011). Efficiency and quality of care in nursing homes: an Italian case study. Health care management science, 14(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10729-010-9139-2
18. Gibson, M. J., Gregory, S. R., & Pandya, S. M. (2003). Long-Term Care in Developed Nations: A Brief Overview. AARP Public Policy Institute, 13.
19. Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory and applying grounded theory. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The American tradition in qualitative research (Vol. 2.). Sage publications.
20. Glew, D. J., O'Leary-Kelly, A. M., Griffin, R. W., & Van Fleet, D. D. (1995). Participation in organizations: A preview of the issues and proposed framework for future analysis. Journal of Management, 21(3), 395–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100302
21. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (p. 105–117). Sage Publications, Inc.
22. Halamandaris V. J. (1987). Long-term care. Filling the gaps. Caring : National Association for Home Care magazine, 6(10), 18–22.
23. Harel-Bash, M. (2003). Nursing assistants in nursing homes. Master's thesis. Haifa, Israel: University of Haifa (in Hebrew).
24. Harrington, C., Zimmerman, D., Karon, S. L., Robinson, J., & Beutel, P. (2000). Nursing home staffing and its relationship to deficiencies. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 55(5), S278–S287. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/55.5.s278
25. Hansten, R., & Washburn, M. (1996). Why don't nurses delegate?. The Journal of nursing administration, 26(12), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199612000-00009
26. Hill, M. (1997). Understanding Social Policy. Oxford:Blackwell Publisher.
27. Jones, Kathleen & Brown, John, (1948) joint author & Bradshaw, Jonathan, joint author . Issues in social policy. London Routledge & K. Paul
28. Judith, S. (1997). How nursing contributes towards quality and cost-effective health care. International Nurse Review, 44(3), 79-84 .
29.Jun, M., Peterson, R. T., & Zsidisin, G. A. (1998). The identification and measurement of quality dimensions in health care: focus group interview results. Health care management review, 23(4), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004010-199810000-00007
30.Kane, R. A., Kane, R. L., (1987). Long-term care. Principles, programs, and policies. Springer Publishing Company.
31. Kash, B. A., Castle, N. G., & Phillips, C. D. (2007). Nursing home spending, staffing, and turnover. Health care management review, 32(3), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HMR.0000281625.20740.13
32. Locke, E. A., & Schweiger, D. M. (1979). Participation in decision making: One more look. B. M. Staw(Ed.),Resource on organizational behavior (pp. 265-339). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
33. Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Jossey-Bass.
34. Merriam, S.B. (1988) Case Study Research in Education: A Qualitative Approach. Jossey-Bass, San Francis-co.
35. Miller W.L.& Crabree B.F.(1999). Clinical Research: A Multimethod Typology and Qualitatiive RoadMap.In: W.L. Crabtree & B.F.Miller(Eds.),Doing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks,Calif: Sage, pp.3-30.
36. Montoro-Rodriguez, J., & Small, J. A. (2006). The role of conflict resolution styles on nursing staff morale, burnout, and job satisfaction in long-term care. Journal of aging and health, 18(3), 385–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264306286196
37. Mulgan, R. (2000). Accountability’: An Ever‐Expanding Concept? Public Administration, 78(3), 555–573.
38. Naylor C. D. (1999). Health care in Canada: incrementalism under fiscal duress. Health affairs (Project Hope), 18(3), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.18.3.9
39. OECD/European Union (2013), A Good Life in Old Age?: Monitoring and Improving Quality in Long-term Care, OECD Health Policy Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264194564-en.
40. OECD/WHO (2012), Health at a Glance: Asia/Pacific 2012, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264183902-en.
41. Oswald, A (2006), The hippies were right all along about happiness (19 January 2006). Financial Times. Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/1/dd6853a4-8853-11da-a25e-0000779e2340.html#a xzz286xdxku
42. Palese, A., Tosatto, D., & Mesaglio, M. (2009). Process and factors influencing Italian nurse graduates' first choice of employment: a descriptive study. Journal for nurses in staff development : JNSD : official journal of the National Nursing Staff Development Organization, 25(4), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1097/NND.0b013e3181ae13e2
43. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
44. Powell, R. R. & Connaway, L.S. (2004). Data collection technique, Basic Research Methods for Librarians (4th ed.). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Romeis, J. C. (1991). Quality and Cost Containment in Care of the Elderly: Health Services Research Perspectives. Springer Publishing Company.
45. Sergeant, A., & Frenkel, S. (2000). When Do Customer Contact Employees Satisfy Customers? Journal of Service Research, 3(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050031002
46. Sexton, T. R.,Leiken, A. M.,Sleeper, S.,Coburn, A. F.(1989).The Impact of Prospective Reimbursement on Nursing Home Efficiency.Medical Care,27(2)
47. Shields, M. A. (2004). Addressing Nurse Shortages: What Can Policy Makers Learn from the Econometric Evidence on Nurse Labour Supply? The Economic Journal, 114,464–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00255.x
48. Silverman,David,(2006) Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for Analysing Talk, Text, and Interaction. CA: Sage.
49. Stake, R. E. (2005). Multiple Case Study Analysis. Guilford Press.
50. Strauss, A., and Cobin, J. 著,徐宗國譯。1997。《質性研究概論》(Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques)。台北市:巨流出版社。
51. Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage Publications.
52. Strauss, A. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. Wu, L. Y., Yin, T. J., & Li, I. C. (2005). The effectiveness of empowering in-service training programs for foreign nurse aides in community-based long-term care facilities. Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 22(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220208.x
54. Yeo, C. S., C. Y. Chen., and C. J. Fu.(2012)“Cost Efficiency Versus Effects of Wealth Transfer: Evidence from Taiwanese Long-Term Care System”,Middle Eastern Finance and Economics.3(3)
55. Yin, R. K. (2012). Applications of case study research (3rd ed.).Washington DC: SAGE Publications, Inc.
56. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.https://doi.org/10.33524/cjar.v14i1.73