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國際旅遊與管理學院
國際旅遊管理博士學位課程(中文學制)
博士
2021
紅色旅遊景區遊客感知對遊客滿意度、親社會行為的影響研究 : 以敬畏情緒為仲介變數
A Study on the Influence of Tourists' Perception on Tourists' Satisfaction and Prosocial Behavior in Red Tourist Attractions : Taking Awe as the Mediator
遊客感知 ; 敬畏情緒 ; 滿意度 ; 紅色旅遊 ; 親社會行為
Tourist Perception ; Awe ; Satisfaction ; Red Tourism ; Pro-social Behavior
自21世紀以來,伴隨著經濟的發展,我國的旅遊業已經從新興產業逐步成為了支柱產業,旅遊業發展的同時也帶來了一系列問題,如隨著旅遊景區競爭的加劇,同質化情況不但愈演愈烈,同時旅遊者對旅遊目的地的破壞和旅行過程中不文明的行為也越來越多,如何促進旅遊景點個性化發展,改善遊客行為素質,增強遊客敬畏情緒已成為現今討論熱點。
近年來雖然關於情緒的研究已越來越多,但縱觀現有探索,對於缺乏敬畏情緒的遊客與具有敬畏情緒的遊客間的差異研究,主要集中在敬畏情緒對遊客道德的影響,對旅遊心理機制的探索以及對環境責任行為的影響。以最能普遍體現敬畏情緒的革命老區傳承的紅色精神地和宗教旅遊目的地來看,宗教旅遊地的研究已關注於宗教生態、旅遊地管理或從宗教旅遊行銷手段、宗教場所、歷史文化等方面關注遊客的認知和行為,而紅色旅遊這一塊國內研究大多側重於規劃與管理、資源開發、戰略行銷等方面保護與利用紅色資源來培養和創造旅遊業的增長,很少從遊客的角度出發去深度瞭解遊客行為反應和遊客滿意度的影響機制,忽視了旅遊情境中游客感知和情緒體驗等對遊客行為反應的影響。
旅遊是遊客追求情緒體驗的過程,遊客在旅行過程中的感知會影響相關的情緒。因此,基於遊客感知的視角,本文從情緒的角度,研究遊客在旅遊情境下,情緒體驗對遊客滿意度和行為反應產生影響,並選取了敬畏情緒作為遊客滿意度和行為的前因變數,以紅色旅遊目的地為研究背景,探討了在紅色旅遊情境下,遊客感知產生的敬畏情緒對遊客滿意度和親社會行為的作用,以及遊客滿意度對親社會行為的影響。在本研究中,本文首先通過相關文獻梳理和分析,奠定了本文的研究理論基礎,構建了研究的理論模型,其次,在正式調研前進行了預調研,使得調研量表得到淨化,提高了正式調研問卷和量表的品質;隨後,在本研究案例地——湖北省紅安縣紅色旅遊區的正式調研中,收集了418份紅色旅遊遊客的有效問卷,最後,利用SPSS22.00和AMOS22.00統計應用工具進行整理分析,通過構建結構方程模型,解析遊客感知、敬畏情緒、滿意度和親社會行為幾個因數之間的互相作用及其影響關係。
本文通過實證來檢驗遊客感知紅色旅遊景區的環境特性、氛圍、資源基礎等方面產生的敬畏情緒對遊客滿意度和親社會行為的關係,得到相關結論:紅色旅遊情境下游客通過感知會誘發敬畏情緒的產生;敬畏情緒對遊客的滿意度和親社會行為產生直接的影響;滿意度對親社會行為之間有促進作用;遊客通過感知引起的敬畏情緒對遊客滿意度和遊客親社會行為之間有仲介作用。
在理論上,相較於敬畏情緒對環境責任行為、旅遊目的地的保護幫助其可持續性發展以及行銷行為領域的研究,本文側重於紅色旅遊情境下游客感知對滿意度和遊客親社會行為的影響,從遊客感知視角入手,以敬畏情緒為仲介變數研究滿意度和遊客親社會行為的變化,彌補了敬畏情緒多在環境保護,而非遊客認知和自身旅遊領域研究
的不足。希望得出的結論有助於探索遊客感知產生的情緒對友好行為意向的影響關係,促使旅遊者表現出更多的友好行為反應,實現旅遊景區的可持續發展,促進推動社會互惠性,具有一定的理論和現實意義。
Since the 21st century, with the development of the economy, the tourism industry of China has gradually become a pillar industry from an emerging industry. The development of the tourism industry has also brought a series of problems. For example, with the intensification of competition in tourist attractions, the homogeneity situation has not only intensified, but also, tourists' destruction to tourist destinations brought with inappropriate public manners during touring are increasing. How to promote the personalized development of tourist attractions and improve tourist behavior manners and enhancing the awe of tourists have become a hot topic of discussion nowadays.
Although there have been more and more researches on human emotions in recent years, previous researches relevant to the difference between tourists who lack awe mood and tourists who have awe mood mainly focused on the influence of awe mood on tourists' morality, psychological mechanism of touring, or its influence on environmental responsibility. From the perspective of the red spiritual places and religious tourist destinations inherited from the old revolutionary districts that most commonly embody awe, the research on religious tourist sites has focused on religious ecology, tourist site management, or religious tourism marketing methods, etc. Concerning the perception and behavior of tourists, the domestic research on red tourism mostly focuses on planning and management, resource development, strategic marketing, or to cultivate the market growth of tourism along with the protection of historical sites, but rarely from the perspective of tourists, which neglecting the influence of tourist perception and emotional experience on tourist behavior under the tourism situation.
Tourism is a process in which tourists pursue emotional experience, and the perception of tourists during the travel process will affect related emotions. Therefore, based on the perspective of tourists’ perception, this article studies the impact of tourists’ emotional experience on tourists’ satisfaction and behavioral responses in a tourism situation from the perspective of emotions, and selects awe as an antecedent variable of tourists’ satisfaction and behavior. The red tourism destination is the research background, and it explores the effect of the feeling of awe generated by tourists on the satisfaction and pro-social behavior of tourists in the context of red tourism, as well as the influence of tourist satisfaction on pro-social behavior. In this research, this paper firstly lays down the theoretical foundation of this research through combing and analysis of relevant literature, and constructs the theoretical model of the research. The quality of survey questionnaires and scales; then, in the formal survey of the red tourism area in Hong'an County, Hubei Province, the case study site, 418 valid questionnaires of red tourism tourists were collected. Finally, SPSS22.00 and AMOS22.00 were used. Statistical application tools are used to sort out and analyze, and analyze the interaction and influence relationship among several factors of tourists' perception, awe, satisfaction, and pro-social behavior by constructing a structural equation model.
This paper uses empirical tests to test the relationship between the awe emotions generated by tourists’ perception of the environmental characteristics, atmosphere, and resource base of the red tourist attractions on tourist satisfaction and pro-social behaviors, and draws the relevant conclusions: in the red tourism situation, tourists can induce awe through perception. Produce; awe emotion has a direct impact on tourist satisfaction and pro-social behavior; satisfaction has a promoting effect on pro-social behavior; the awe emotion caused by tourists through perception has an intermediary effect on tourist satisfaction and tourist pro-social behavior .
Different than previous studies about the benefits of awe in the fields like environmental protection and responsibility, development of sustainability, marketing behaviors, this article focuses on the perception of tourists’ satisfaction and pro-social behavior in the context of red tourism. The impact, starting from the perspective of tourists' perception, using awe as an intermediary variable to study the changes in satisfaction and tourists' pro-social behaviors, makes up for the lack of research in the
field of awe in the field of tourist cognition and tourism. It is hoped that the conclusions drawn will help to explore the relationship between the emotions generated by tourists’ perceptions and the intention of friendly behaviors, prompt tourists to show more friendly behavioral responses, realize the sustainable development of tourist attractions, and promote social reciprocity, with theoretical and practical significance.
2021
中文
251
致 謝 I
中 文 摘 要 III
Abstract VI
目 錄 X
圖目錄 XV
表目錄 XVI
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 現實背景 1
1.1.2 理論背景 3
1.1.3 現有研究中的不足 13
1.2 問題的提出 14
1.3 研究目標 17
1.4 研究意義 17
1.4.1 現實意義 17
1.4.2 理論意義 18
1.5 研究內容與技術路線 20
1.6 研究方法 23
1.6.1 文獻研究法 23
1.6.2 問卷調查法 23
1.6.3 統計分析法 24
1.7 本章小結 24
第二章 文獻回顧 25
2.1 紅色旅遊與感知的研究綜述 25
2.1.1 紅色旅遊概念 25
2.1.2 紅色旅遊中游客感知視角 28
2.1.3 紅色旅遊中游客感知的研究現狀 37
2.1.4 紅色旅遊感知與心理情緒的研究 39
2.2 敬畏情緒的研究綜述 41
2.2.1 敬畏的概念 41
2.2.2 敬畏情緒的研究評述 43
2.2.3 敬畏情緒的測量 59
2.2.4 遊客感知與敬畏情緒的關係 61
2.3 遊客滿意度的研究綜述 62
2.3.1 遊客滿意度的概念 62
2.3.2 遊客滿意度的評述 66
2.3.3 遊客滿意度的測量 70
2.3.4 遊客感知、情緒與滿意度的關係研究 73
2.4 親社會行為的研究綜述 74
2.4.1 親社會行為的概念 75
2.4.2 親社會行為理論 79
2.4.3 親社會行為的影響因素 82
2.4.4 親社會行為測量 88
2.4.5 遊客感知、情緒與滿意度及行為意向關係 92
2.5 研究模型構建 93
2.6 本章小結與總體評述 102
第三章 研究設計 103
3.1 研究的構思與設計 103
3.2 研究地點的選擇 104
3.3 預調研 106
3.3.1 預調研目的 106
3.3.2 預調研方式與對象 107
3.3.3 問卷設計與收集 107
3.3.4 預調研量表選擇 108
3.3.5 預調查收據收集、篩選與分析 114
3.4 實際調研流程 115
3.5 本章小結 115
第四章 數據分析 117
4.1 預調研樣本描述 117
4.2 數據分析方法 119
4.2.1 探索性因數分析 121
4.2.2 測量專案的信度及CITC檢驗 126
4.3 正式測試樣本和數據 130
4.4 信度和效度檢驗 132
4.4.1 信度檢驗 133
4.4.2 效度檢驗 133
4.5 結構方程模型分析與假設檢驗 141
4.5.1 模型適配評價 142
4.5.2 路徑分析與假設檢驗 144
4.6 仲介效應檢驗 145
4.7 方差分析 149
4.7.1 性別在各變數上的差異分析 150
4.7.2 年齡在各變數上的差異分析 150
4.7.3 學歷在各變數上的差異分析 152
4.7.4 職業在各變數上的差異分析 153
4.7.5 遊玩次數在各變數上的差異分析 155
4.7.6 收入在各變數上的差異分析 156
4.8 假設檢驗匯總 157
4.9 本章小結 158
第五章 研究結論與展望 160
5.1 研究結果的討論 160
5.1.1 紅色旅遊景區遊客感知中敬畏情緒的誘發因素 161
5.1.2 紅色旅遊中游客感知會誘發遊客敬畏情緒的產生 162
5.1.3 紅色旅遊中敬畏情緒體驗會誘發遊客滿意度的產生 163
5.1.4 紅色旅遊中敬畏情緒會誘發遊客親社會行為的產生 165
5.1.5 紅色旅遊中滿意度對親社會行為的作用 166
5.1.6 敬畏情緒的仲介效應 168
5.1.7 遊客屬性對各變數的影響 170
5.2 研究結論 173
5.3 研究啟示 178
5.4 理論貢獻與實踐意義 180
5.5 研究建議 183
5.6 研究創新點 186
5.7 研究局限 188
5.8 未來研究建議及展望 189
參考文獻 191
作者簡歷 240
附錄 1 預調研問卷 242
附錄 2 正式調研問卷 247
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