本校學位論文庫
CITYU Theses & Dissertations
論文詳情
肖凯芯
陳淑霞
國際旅遊與管理學院
國際款待與旅遊業管理碩士學位課程 (英文學制)
碩士
2022
根據推拉理論對Z世代電影旅遊的衝動購買決定調查
An Investigation of the Impulse Buying Decisions of Gen Z Film Tourism in Light of the Push-Pull Theory
電影旅遊 ; 動機理論 ; 歸因理論 ; 議程設置理論 ; 目的地信任 ; 衝動購買決策
Film tourism ; Motivation theory ; Attribution theory ; Agenda-setting theory ; Destination trust; Impulse buying decision
公開日期：16/5/2026
由於全球旅遊業受到COVID-19大流行病的巨大影響，電影已經成為人們最重要的娛樂形式之一。 電影旅遊從20世紀90年代開始被研究，電影旅遊逐漸成為文化旅遊中一種流行的旅遊形式，越來越多的遊客因為電影的影響而選擇旅遊。
以往的研究表明，電影旅遊的遊客主要是以電影中的地點、情節和演員等方面為拉動因素動機，以自我提升、地位/榮譽、幻想/逃避、虛擬體驗、尋找自我認同為推動因素動機。 電影影響了觀眾對目的地的感知，增強了他們的旅行慾望。 這表明，電影成為人們旅行的重要動機之一。 電影影響遊客對目的地的熟悉程度，而目的地信任和旅遊產品的衝動購買行為也參與到電影旅遊中。 以往的研究表明，目的地信任是遊客對目的地的專業知識、聲譽和信譽的總體印象，反映了目的地向遊客承諾提供服務的能力和願望。 就遊客的衝動購買行為而言，旅遊期間的衝動購買實際上是無計劃的購買。 衝動購買涉及複雜的心理過程和情緒狀態。 電影可能會刺激遊客，導致他們產生衝動購買行為。
該研究為定量研究，共收到437份問卷，使用SPSS和Smart-PLS 4.0.8進行數據分析。 結果顯示，電影中的資訊（移情、懷舊、感知風險）影響對一個地方的熟悉程度，對一個地方的熟悉程度反過來影響對文化和自然資源的欣賞，對文化和自然資源的欣賞影響目的地的信任，目的地的信任影響遊客的衝動購買決定，而性別起到了調節作用。 該研究為電影旅遊提供了實際意義，豐富了相關的研究理論，併為未來的研究提供了建議和方向，同時指出了本研究本身的局限性。
以往的研究表明，電影旅遊的遊客主要是以電影中的地點、情節和演員等方面為拉動因素動機，以自我提升、地位/榮譽、幻想/逃避、虛擬體驗、尋找自我認同為推動因素動機。 電影影響了觀眾對目的地的感知，增強了他們的旅行慾望。 這表明，電影成為人們旅行的重要動機之一。 電影影響遊客對目的地的熟悉程度，而目的地信任和旅遊產品的衝動購買行為也參與到電影旅遊中。 以往的研究表明，目的地信任是遊客對目的地的專業知識、聲譽和信譽的總體印象，反映了目的地向遊客承諾提供服務的能力和願望。 就遊客的衝動購買行為而言，旅遊期間的衝動購買實際上是無計劃的購買。 衝動購買涉及複雜的心理過程和情緒狀態。 電影可能會刺激遊客，導致他們產生衝動購買行為。
該研究為定量研究，共收到437份問卷，使用SPSS和Smart-PLS 4.0.8進行數據分析。 結果顯示，電影中的資訊（移情、懷舊、感知風險）影響對一個地方的熟悉程度，對一個地方的熟悉程度反過來影響對文化和自然資源的欣賞，對文化和自然資源的欣賞影響目的地的信任，目的地的信任影響遊客的衝動購買決定，而性別起到了調節作用。 該研究為電影旅遊提供了實際意義，豐富了相關的研究理論，併為未來的研究提供了建議和方向，同時指出了本研究本身的局限性。
Because the global tourism industry has been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, movies have become one of the most important forms of entertainment for people. Film tourism has been studied since the 1990s, and film tourism has gradually become a popular form of tourism in cultural tourism, with more and more tourists choosing to travel because of the influence of films.
Previous studies have shown that film tourism tourists are mainly motivated by aspects such as location, plot and actors in movies as pull factor motivation, Ego enhancement, Status/prestige, Fantasy/escape, Vicarious experience, Search for self-identity as push-factor motives. Film affects viewers' perceptions of destinations and enhances their desire to travel. This suggests that films become one of the important motivations for people to travel. Films affect tourists' familiarity with the destination, while destination trust and impulse buying behavior for tourism products are involved in film tourism. Previous research has shown that destination trust is a tourist's overall impression of a destination's expertise, reputation and credibility, reflecting the destination's capacity and desire to deliver the services promised to tourists. In terms of tourists' impulse buying behavior, impulse purchases during tourism are actually unplanned buying. Impulse buying involves complex mental processes and emotional states. Films may stimulate tourists and lead them to impulse buying behavior.
The study was quantitative, with 437 questionnaires received and data analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS 4.0.8. The results show that information in films (empathy, nostalgia, perceived risk) affects familiarity with a place, familiarity with a place, in turn, affects appreciation of culture and natural resources, appreciation of culture and natural resources affects destination trust, destination trust affects tourists' impulse purchase decisions, and gender plays a moderating role. The study provides practical implications for film tourism, enriches related research theories, and provides suggestions and directions for future research while identifying the limitations of this study itself.
Previous studies have shown that film tourism tourists are mainly motivated by aspects such as location, plot and actors in movies as pull factor motivation, Ego enhancement, Status/prestige, Fantasy/escape, Vicarious experience, Search for self-identity as push-factor motives. Film affects viewers' perceptions of destinations and enhances their desire to travel. This suggests that films become one of the important motivations for people to travel. Films affect tourists' familiarity with the destination, while destination trust and impulse buying behavior for tourism products are involved in film tourism. Previous research has shown that destination trust is a tourist's overall impression of a destination's expertise, reputation and credibility, reflecting the destination's capacity and desire to deliver the services promised to tourists. In terms of tourists' impulse buying behavior, impulse purchases during tourism are actually unplanned buying. Impulse buying involves complex mental processes and emotional states. Films may stimulate tourists and lead them to impulse buying behavior.
The study was quantitative, with 437 questionnaires received and data analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS 4.0.8. The results show that information in films (empathy, nostalgia, perceived risk) affects familiarity with a place, familiarity with a place, in turn, affects appreciation of culture and natural resources, appreciation of culture and natural resources affects destination trust, destination trust affects tourists' impulse purchase decisions, and gender plays a moderating role. The study provides practical implications for film tourism, enriches related research theories, and provides suggestions and directions for future research while identifying the limitations of this study itself.
2023
英文
130
Acknowledgements . I
Abstract .. III
Contents . .... V
List of Figures . .VIII
List of Tables ..IX
Chapter One Introduction ..1
1.1 Background. .1
1.2 Research Background... .3
1.3 Problem Statement ..6
1.4 Research Gaps . 7
1.5 Research Objectives and key questions ..9
1.6 Research Contributions . 11
1.6.1 Theoretical Contributions. . 11
1.6.2 Practical Contributions.. 13
1.7 Research Organization .. 14
Chapter Two Literature Review .. 16
2.1 Marketing Strategies for film-induced Tourism 16
2.1.1 Nature of the hospitality industry .16
2.1.2 Overwhelming nature of film tourism: movie-induced tourism . 18
2.1.3 Different Typologies of film tourism 21
2.1.4 Marketing Strategies for film tourism .21
2.2 Uniqueness of Gen Z Customers.. .24
2.3 Appreciating Cultural and natural resources . 25
2.4 Destination Trust. 26
2.5 Motivation Theories and impulse buying behavior . .28
2.5.1 Travel Motivations: motivation theory 28
2.5.2 Attribution Theory . 30
2.5.3 Agenda-setting Theory. ...34
2.5.4 Stimulation and impulse buying decision .. 35
2.6 Hypothesis Development .. ..37
2.6.1 Movie information and its relationship with familiarity with a place .37
2.6.2 Familiarity with a Place and its Impact on Appreciating the Cultural and Natural Resources . 40
2.6.3 Appreciating Cultural and natural resources lead to destination trust 41
2.6.4 Destination Trust and impulse buying decisions . ..42
2.6.5 Moderating Effect of gender differences . . 43
2.7 Conceptual Framework to Guide the Study.. 44
Chapter Three Methodology . ... 46
3.1 Research Methodology and Design .46
3.2 Questionnaire design ....49
3.2.1 Data Collection... ...51
3.2.2 Pilot test.. ...52
3.2.3 Pilot test result .53
3.3 Measurement 54
Chapter Four Results of data analysis . 57
4.1 Questionnaire Collection 57
4.2 Sample Profile. 58
4.3 Reliability and validity of the Constructs . .. 61
4.4 Results of PLS Analysis . 64
4.5 Concluding Summary .. 69
Chapter Five Conclusion . . 70
5.1 Conclusion.. ..70
5.1.1 Movie Information and Familiarity with a Place . 72
5.1.2 Familiarity with a place and Appreciating Cultural and natural resources73
5.1.3 Appreciating the cultural and natural resources and destination trust . 74
5.1.4 Destination Trust and impulse buying decisions .. 75
5.2 Significant Findings . .76
5.3 Theoretical and practical contributions. 78
5.3.1 Theoretical Contributions. ...78
5.3.2 Practical Contributions. ..81
5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for future research . 84
References.. . 86
Curriculum Vitae 115
Appendices: Questionnaire(English) 117
Appendices: Questionnaire(Chinese) ..124
Abstract .. III
Contents . .... V
List of Figures . .VIII
List of Tables ..IX
Chapter One Introduction ..1
1.1 Background. .1
1.2 Research Background... .3
1.3 Problem Statement ..6
1.4 Research Gaps . 7
1.5 Research Objectives and key questions ..9
1.6 Research Contributions . 11
1.6.1 Theoretical Contributions. . 11
1.6.2 Practical Contributions.. 13
1.7 Research Organization .. 14
Chapter Two Literature Review .. 16
2.1 Marketing Strategies for film-induced Tourism 16
2.1.1 Nature of the hospitality industry .16
2.1.2 Overwhelming nature of film tourism: movie-induced tourism . 18
2.1.3 Different Typologies of film tourism 21
2.1.4 Marketing Strategies for film tourism .21
2.2 Uniqueness of Gen Z Customers.. .24
2.3 Appreciating Cultural and natural resources . 25
2.4 Destination Trust. 26
2.5 Motivation Theories and impulse buying behavior . .28
2.5.1 Travel Motivations: motivation theory 28
2.5.2 Attribution Theory . 30
2.5.3 Agenda-setting Theory. ...34
2.5.4 Stimulation and impulse buying decision .. 35
2.6 Hypothesis Development .. ..37
2.6.1 Movie information and its relationship with familiarity with a place .37
2.6.2 Familiarity with a Place and its Impact on Appreciating the Cultural and Natural Resources . 40
2.6.3 Appreciating Cultural and natural resources lead to destination trust 41
2.6.4 Destination Trust and impulse buying decisions . ..42
2.6.5 Moderating Effect of gender differences . . 43
2.7 Conceptual Framework to Guide the Study.. 44
Chapter Three Methodology . ... 46
3.1 Research Methodology and Design .46
3.2 Questionnaire design ....49
3.2.1 Data Collection... ...51
3.2.2 Pilot test.. ...52
3.2.3 Pilot test result .53
3.3 Measurement 54
Chapter Four Results of data analysis . 57
4.1 Questionnaire Collection 57
4.2 Sample Profile. 58
4.3 Reliability and validity of the Constructs . .. 61
4.4 Results of PLS Analysis . 64
4.5 Concluding Summary .. 69
Chapter Five Conclusion . . 70
5.1 Conclusion.. ..70
5.1.1 Movie Information and Familiarity with a Place . 72
5.1.2 Familiarity with a place and Appreciating Cultural and natural resources73
5.1.3 Appreciating the cultural and natural resources and destination trust . 74
5.1.4 Destination Trust and impulse buying decisions .. 75
5.2 Significant Findings . .76
5.3 Theoretical and practical contributions. 78
5.3.1 Theoretical Contributions. ...78
5.3.2 Practical Contributions. ..81
5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for future research . 84
References.. . 86
Curriculum Vitae 115
Appendices: Questionnaire(English) 117
Appendices: Questionnaire(Chinese) ..124
1. Abd Rahman, N., Dawam, Z., & Chan, J. (2019). The characteristics of film products to induce tourism. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 4(16), 84-99.
2. Abubakar, A. M., & Ilkan, M. (2016). Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 192-201.
3. Abubakar, A. M., Ilkan, M., Al-Tal, R. M., & Eluwole, K. K. (2017). eWOM, revisit intention, destination trust and gender. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 220-227.
4. Ahmad, T., & Vays, N. (2011). The impulse buying behavior of consumes for the FMCG products in Jodhpur. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1704-1710.
5. Ainuddin, R. A., Beamish, P. W., Hulland, J. S., & Rouse, M. J. (2007). Resource attributes and firm performance in international joint ventures. Journal of world business, 42(1), 47-60.
6. Akram, U., Hui, P., Khan, M. K., Hashim, M., & Rasheed, S. (2016). Impact of store atmosphere on impulse buying behaviour: Moderating effect of demographic variables. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 9(7), 43-60.
7. Al-Ansi, A., & Han, H. (2019). Role of halal-friendly destination performances, value, satisfaction, and trust in generating destination image and loyalty. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13, 51-60.
8. Ananda, A., Nugraha, A. S., Fujianti, A. R., & Susanto, E. (2021). Movie Induced Tourism in the Young Millennials Tourist Segment. Journal of Tourism Sustainability, 1(1), 9-15.
9. Arnuparb, N. (2013). The impact of the video clip" Amazing Thailand" on transportation, place image and place familiarity in tourism: a study on International University Students in Bangkok.
10. Arowosafe, F., Akinwotu, O., Tunde-Ajayi, O., Omosehin, O., & Osabuohien, E. (2022). Push and pull motivation factors: a panacea for tourism development challenges in Oluminrin waterfalls, Nigeria. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 14(1), 63-74.
11. Artigas, E. M., Yrigoyen, C. C., Moraga, E. T., & Villalón, C. B. (2017). Determinants of trust towards tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 327-334.
12. Atulkar, S., & Kesari, B. (2018). Role of consumer traits and situational factors on impulse buying: does gender matter? International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
13. Azimi, S., Andonova, Y., & Schewe, C. (2021). Closer together or further apart? Values of hero generations Y and Z during crisis. Young Consumers.
14. Balasubramanian, S. K. (1994). Beyond advertising and publicity: Hybrid messages and public policy issues. Journal of advertising, 23(4), 29-46.
15. Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management, 22(2), 127-133.
16. Baloglu, S., & Uysal, M. (1996). Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. International journal of contemporary Hospitality Management.
17. Baniya, R., Ghimire, S., & Phuyal, S. (2017). Push and pull factors and their effects on international tourists’ revisit intention to Nepal. The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 8, 20-39.
18. Baniya, R., & Paudel, K. (2016). An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of domestic tourists in Nepal. Journal of Management and Development Studies, 27, 16-30.
19. Bashir, S., Zeeshan, M., Sabbar, S., Hussain, R. I., & Sarki, I. H. (2013). Impact of cultural values and life style on impulse buying behavior: a case study of Pakistan. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(1), 193.
20. Batcho, K. I. (1998). Personal nostalgia, world view, memory, and emotionality. Perceptual and motor skills, 87(2), 411-432.
21. Battaglia, M., Sampling, N., & Lavrakas, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Publication date.
22. Baykul, Y. (1999). Primary mathematics education. Ankara: Turkey, Ani Printing Pres, 35, 45.
23. Beeton, S. (2005). Film-induced tourism. In Film-Induced Tourism. Channel view publications.
24. Beeton, S. (2016). Film-induced tourism. In Film-Induced Tourism. Channel view publications.
25. Belk, R. W. (1990). The role of possessions in constructing and maintaining a sense of past. ACR North American Advances.
26. Bernardi, M. (2016). Turismo Cinematográfico La influencia del cine como motivador turístico.
27. Bharti, P. (2015). Films and destination promotion: an exploratory study. International Journal of Tourism and Travel, 8(1 & 2), 50.
28. Bieńkowska-Gołasa, W. (2018). Film tourism in the promotion of selected tourist destinations. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 17(4), 5-12.
29. Bladen, C., & Callinan, C. (2022). Post-Pandemic Destination Recovery: Social Constructionism and Understanding the Roles of Semiotic Representation of Customer Perception Through Knowing. In The Emerald handbook of destination recovery in tourism and hospitality (pp. 465-479). Emerald Publishing Limited.
30. Boone, H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data. Journal of extension, 50(2), 1-5.
31. Bosch, G. I. (2018). Rutas de cine, el turismo cinematográfico en Mallorca: el caso alemán. Pasos Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 16(3), 843-854.
32. Busby, G., & Klug, J. (2001). Movie-induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of vacation marketing, 7(4), 316-332.
33. Butler, R. W. (1990). The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns. Tourism recreation research, 15(2), 46-53.
34. Cardoso, L., Estevão, C. M., Muniz, A. C. F., & Alves, H. (2017). Film induced tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 13(3), 23-30.
35. Carneiro, M. J., & Crompton, J. L. (2010). The influence of involvement, familiarity, and constraints on the search for information about destinations. Journal of travel research, 49(4), 451-470.
36. Căruntu, A. L., & Diţoiu, M. C. (2014). The perceptions of hospitality services of a tourism destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 231-235.
37. Chancellor, C., Norman, W., Farmer, J., & Coe, E. (2011). Tourism organizations and land trusts: a sustainable approach to natural resource conservation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 863-875.
38. Chang, D. Y. (2016). A study of TV drama series, cultural proximity and travel motivation: Moderation effect of enduring involvement. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 399-408.
39. Chang, H. H., Tsai, Y.-C., Wong, K. H., Wang, J. W., & Cho, F. J. (2015). The effects of response strategies and severity of failure on consumer attribution with regard to negative word-of-mouth. Decision Support Systems, 71, 48-61.
40. Chen, H.-B., Yeh, S.-S., & Huan, T.-C. (2014). Nostalgic emotion, experiential value, brand image, and consumption intentions of customers of nostalgic-themed restaurants. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 354-360.
41. Chen, N., Qiao, G., & Liu, L. (2009). Tourism association studies risk perception and outbound tourists travel preferences—Tourists in Beijing. Geography, 6(97-102).
42. Chew, E. Y. T., & Jahari, S. A. (2014). Destination image as a mediator between perceived risks and revisit intention: A case of post-disaster Japan. Tourism Management, 40, 382-393.
43. Chi, H.-K., Huang, K.-C., & Nguyen, H. M. (2020). Elements of destination brand equity and destination familiarity regarding travel intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101728.
44. Chien, P. M., Sharifpour, M., Ritchie, B. W., & Watson, B. (2017). Travelers’ health risk perceptions and protective behavior: A psychological approach. Journal of travel research, 56(6), 744-759.
45. Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., & Han, S. J. (2018). Generation Z’s sustainable volunteering: Motivations, attitudes and job performance. Sustainability, 10(5), 1400.
46. Chon, K. S. (1989). Understanding recreational traveler's motivation, attitude and satisfaction. The tourist review.
47. Cioban, C. I., & Cioban, G. L. (2018). Tourism-Traditions And Culture Ambassador. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 18(1 (27)), 70-77.
48. Clark, M. C., & Payne, R. L. (1997). The nature and structure of workers' trust in management. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(3), 205-224.
49. Cohen, J. (1986). Promotion of overseas tourism through media fiction. Tourism services marketing: advances in theory and practice. Special conference series, volume II, 1986,
50. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. routledge.
51. Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003a). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 7(3), 282-295.
52. Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003b). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal.
53. Connell, J., & Meyer, D. (2009). Balamory revisited: An evaluation of the screen tourism destination-tourist nexus. Tourism Management, 30(2), 194-207.
54. Couldry, N. (1998). The view from inside the'simulacrum ‘: visitors’ tales from the set of Coronation Street. Leisure Studies, 17(2), 94-107.
55. Cracolici, M. F., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management, 30(3), 336-344.
56. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
57. Cronbach, L. J. (1970). Essentials of psychological testing.
58. Croy, G., & Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourism and film. Research themes for tourism, 188-204.
59. Croy, W. G. (2010). Planning for film tourism: Active destination image management. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 21-30.
60. Croy, W. G., & Walker, R. D. (2003). Rural tourism and film-issues for strategic regional development. New directions in rural tourism, 115-133.
61. Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion review, 8(2), 144-153.
62. Czakon, W., & Czernek, K. (2016). The role of trust-building mechanisms in entering into network coopetition: The case of tourism networks in Poland. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 64-74.
63. Dabija, D.-C., Bejan, B. M., & Dinu, V. (2019). How sustainability oriented is Generation Z in retail? A literature review. Transformations in Business & Economics, 18(2).
64. Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194.
65. Dean, D., & Suhartanto, D. (2019). The formation of visitor behavioral intention to creative tourism: the role of push–Pull motivation. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 393-403.
66. [Record #206 is using a reference type undefined in this output style.]
67. Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center, 17(1), 1-7.
68. Domínguez-Azcue, J., Almeida-García, F., Pérez-Tapia, G., & Cestino-González, E. (2021). Films and Destinations—Towards a Film Destination: A Review. Information, 12(1), 39.
69. Duarte, P., Raposo, M., & Ferraz, M. (2013). Drivers of snack foods impulse buying behaviour among young consumers. British Food Journal.
70. Elbaz, A. M., Abou Kamar, M. S., Onjewu, A.-K. E., & Soliman, M. (2021). Evaluating the antecedents of health destination loyalty: The moderating role of destination trust and tourists’ emotions. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-28.
71. Elfil, M., & Negida, A. (2017). Sampling methods in clinical research; an educational review. Emergency, 5(1).
72. endata. (2022). 2021 China Film Market Report. https://www.xdyanbao.com/doc/fzn8jro2mk?bd_vid=7685591354638519371
73. Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2005). The value of online surveys. Internet research.
74. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G., & Campbell, D. (2012). Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor & Francis.
75. Fornell, C., Cha, J., & Bagozzi, R. (1994). Advanced methods of marketing research. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Business. Gagné, M., & Deci, E.(2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
76. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
77. Foroughi, A., Buang, N. A., Senik, Z. C., & Hajmisadeghi, R. S. (2013). Impulse buying behavior and moderating role of gender among Iranian shoppers. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(4), 760-769.
78. Fossgard, K., & Fredman, P. (2019). Dimensions in the nature-based tourism experiencescape: An explorative analysis. Journal of outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 28, 100219.
79. Francis, T., & Hoefel, F. (2018). True Gen’: Generation Z and its implications for companies. McKinsey & Company, 12.
80. Fredman, P., Wall-Reinius, S., & Grundén, A. (2012). The nature of nature in nature-based tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 289-309.
81. Fu, H., Ye, B. H., & Xiang, J. (2016). Reality TV, audience travel intentions, and destination image. Tourism Management, 55, 37-48.
82. Garg, A. (2015). Travel risks vs tourist decision making: A tourist perspective. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 8(1).
83. Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega, 28(6), 725-737.
84. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2005). A Practical Guide to Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and.
85. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-Commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega, 32(6), 407-424.
86. Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J.-B. E., & Kumar, N. (1998). Generalizations about trust in marketing channel relationships using meta-analysis. International Journal of Research in marketing, 15(3), 223-248.
87. Ghiselli, E. E. (1964). Theory of psychological measurement. McGraw-Hill.
88. Gjorgievski, M., & Melles Trpkova, S. (2012). Movie induced tourism: A new tourism phenomenon. UTMS Journal of Economics, 3(1), 97-104.
89. González Conde, A., Araújo Vila, N., & Rodríguez Campo, L. (2015). Turismo cinematográfico: La conquista online de nuevos mercados. ROTUR. Revista de ocio y turismo, 9, 17-34.
90. Grazioli, S., & Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2000). Perils of Internet fraud: An empirical investigation of deception and trust with experienced Internet consumers. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(4), 395-410.
91. Grihault, N. (2003). Film tourism-the global picture. Travel & Tourism Analyst(5), 1-22.
92. Group, C. A. o. T. R. (2022). 2022 China Tourism Vacation Development Report. https://www.renrendoc.com/paper/226750962.html
93. Guerrieri, P., Iapadre, L., & Koopmann, G. (2005). Cultural diversity and international economic integration: The global governance of the audio-visual sector. Edward Elgar Publishing.
94. Gundle, S. (2020). ‘We Have Everything to Learn from the Americans’: Film Promotion, Product Placement and Consumer Culture in Italy, 1945-1965. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 40(1), 55-83.
95. Haddock, C. (1993). Managing risks in outdoor activities. New Zealand Mountain Safety Council.
96. Haddouche, H., & Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures.
97. Hahm, J., Upchurch, R., & Wang, Y. (2008). Millennial students, movies, and tourism. Tourism Analysis, 13(2), 189-204.
98. Hair, J. F. (2009). Multivariate data analysis.
99. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
100. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
101. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
102. Hammitt, W. E., Kyle, G. T., & Oh, C.-O. (2009). Comparison of place bonding models in recreation resource management. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 57-72.
103. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2015). Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management, 46, 20-29.
104. Heitmann, S. (2010). Film tourism planning and development—Questioning the role of stakeholders and sustainability. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 31-46.
105. Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourist behaviour and tourism motivation. Research themes for tourism, 31-44.
106. Holbrook, M. B. (1993). Nostalgia and consumption preferences: Some emerging patterns of consumer tastes. Journal of Consumer research, 20(2), 245-256.
107. Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Li, M. (2010). Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model. Journal of travel research, 49(3), 282-296.
108. Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262-1273.
109. Hudson, S., & Ritchie, J. B. (2006a). Film tourism and destination marketing: The case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin. Journal of vacation marketing, 12(3), 256-268.
110. Hudson, S., & Ritchie, J. B. (2006b). Promoting destinations via film tourism: An empirical identification of supporting marketing initiatives. Journal of travel research, 44(4), 387-396.
111. Hwang, Y.-H. (2022). Halo effects of a Country in film-induced tourism: A case study of the Ha Long Bay, Vietnam in ‘Kong: Skull Island’. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 25, 100722.
112. Institute, L. R. (2022). 2022 China Film Market Annual Stocktaking Report. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230102A04SQ400
113. Iram, M., & Chacharkar, D. (2017). Model of impulse buying behavior. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research, 9(1), 45.
114. Iyer, G. R., Blut, M., Xiao, S. H., & Grewal, D. (2020). Impulse buying: a meta-analytic review. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 48(3), 384-404.
115. Jeffrey, S. A., & Hodge, R. (2007). Factors influencing impulse buying during an online purchase. Electronic Commerce Research, 7(3), 367-379.
116. Jensen, S., & Svendsen, G. T. (2016). Social trust, safety and the choice of tourist destination. Business and Management Horizons, 4(1), 1-9.
117. Jeong, D., Han, S. H., Jeong, D. Y., Kwon, K., & Choi, S. (2021). Investigating 4D movie audiences’ emotional responses to motion effects and empathy. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106797.
118. Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and psychological measurement, 70(3), 394-400.
119. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British journal of applied science & technology, 7(4), 396.
120. Keh, H. T., & Xie, Y. (2009). Corporate reputation and customer behavioral intentions: The roles of trust, identification and commitment. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(7), 732-742.
121. Kim, H., & Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237.
122. Kim, S. (2010). Extraordinary experience: Re-enacting and photographing at screen tourism locations. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 59-75.
123. Kim, S. (2012). The relationships of on-site film-tourism experiences, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The case of Asian audience's responses to a Korean historical TV drama. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 472-484.
124. Kim, S., & Kim, S. (2018). Segmentation of potential film tourists by film nostalgia and preferred film tourism program. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(3), 285-305.
125. Kim, S., Kim, S., & King, B. (2019). Nostalgia film tourism and its potential for destination development. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(2), 236-252.
126. Kim, S. S., Lee, C.-K., & Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks. Tourism Management, 24(2), 169-180.
127. Kim, Y., Kim, Y., & Zhou, S. (2017). Theoretical and methodological trends of agenda-setting theory: A thematic analysis of the last four decades of research. The agenda setting journal, 1(1), 5-22.
128. Kobkitpanichpol, B. (2017). The role of films and TV dramas on tourists' intention to visit.
129. Krosnick, J. A. (2018). Questionnaire design. In The Palgrave handbook of survey research (pp. 439-455). Springer.
130. Lackey, N. R., & Wingate, A. L. (1997). The Pilot Study: One Key. Advanced design in nursing research, 375.
131. Laing, J. H., & Crouch, G. I. (2009). Exploring the role of the media in shaping motivations behind frontier travel experiences. Tourism Analysis, 14(2), 187-198.
132. Lee, J. K., Han, K. H., & Kim, J. G. (2013). A comparative study on the motivation & behavioral Intentions according to visit experience of tourism-comparison between first-time visitors and repeat visitors. Tourism Stud, 28(3), 269-289.
133. Lee, S., Scott, D., & Kim, H. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 809-832.
134. Lee, Y.-J. (2015). Creating memorable experiences in a reuse heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 155-170.
135. Li, C.-H., & Liu, C.-C. (2020). The effects of empathy and persuasion of storytelling via tourism micro-movies on travel willingness. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(4), 382-392.
136. Lin, L. Y., & Lu, C. Y. (2010). The influence of corporate image, relationship marketing, and trust on purchase intention: the moderating effects of word‐of‐mouth. Tourism review.
137. Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. 1). Sage.
138. Litwin, M. S., & Fink, A. (1995). How to measure survey reliability and validity (Vol. 7). Sage.
139. Liu, J., Wang, C., Fang, S., & Zhang, T. (2019). Scale development for tourist trust toward a tourism destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 383-397.
140. [Record #340 is using a reference type undefined in this output style.]
141. Macionis, N. (2004). Understanding the film-induced tourist. International tourism and media conference proceedings,
142. Macionis, N., & Sparks, B. (2009). Film-induced tourism: An incidental experience. Tourism Review International, 13(2), 93-101.
143. Mai, L.-W. (2001). Effective risk relievers for dimensional perceived risks on mail-order purchase: a case study on specialty foods in the UK. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 7(1-2), 35-52.
144. Marafa, L. M., Chan, C.-S., & Li, K. (2020). Market Potential and Obstacles for Film-Induced Tourism Development in Yunnan Province in China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 1-23.
145. Marchegiani, C., & Phau, I. (2011). The value of historical nostalgia for marketing management. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
146. Margaryan, L. (2018). Nature as a commercial setting: The case of nature-based tourism providers in Sweden. Current issues in tourism, 21(16), 1893-1911.
147. Marić, D., Marinković, V., Marić, R., & Dimitrovski, D. (2016). Analysis of tangible and intangible hotel service quality components. Industrija, 44(1).
148. Marinao, E., Chasco, C., & Torres, E. (2012). Trust in tourist destinations. The role of local inhabitants and institutions. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración(51), 27-47.
149. Maser, B., & Weiermair, K. (1998). Travel decision-making: From the vantage point of perceived risk and information preferences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 7(4), 107-121.
150. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage publications.
151. McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, 36(2), 176-187.
152. McIntosh, A. J., Hinch, T., & Ingram, T. (2002). Cultural identity and tourism. International Journal of Arts Management, 39-49.
153. McKercher, B., & Du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. Routledge.
154. Michael, N., Balasubramanian, S., Michael, I., & Fotiadis, A. (2020). Underlying motivating factors for movie-induced tourism among Emiratis and Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(4), 435-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420914355
155. Mizerski, R. W., Golden, L. L., & Kernan, J. B. (1979). The attribution process in consumer decision making. Journal of Consumer research, 6(2), 123-140.
156. Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B., & Sharma, P. (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior. European Journal of marketing.
157. Mohiuddin, Z. A., & Iqbal, H. (2018). Relationship of demographic factors and impulse buying behavior of customers in Pakistan. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 46, 42-46.
158. Monaco, S. (2018). Tourism and the new generations: emerging trends and social implications in Italy. Journal of Tourism Futures.
159. Muruganantham, G., & Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(3), 149.
160. Mylopoulos, M., & Pacherie, E. (2019). Intentions: The dynamic hierarchical model revisited. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 10(2), e1481.
161. Nakayama, C. (2021). Film-Induced Tourism Studies on Asia: A Systematic Literature Review. Tourism Review International, 25(1), 63-78.
162. Nielsen, B. B. (2011). Trust in strategic alliances: Toward a co-evolutionary research model. Journal of Trust Research, 1(2), 159-176.
163. Omair, A. (2014). Sample size estimation and sampling techniques for selecting a representative sample. Journal of Health specialties, 2(4), 142.
164. Ostrom, T. M., & Gannon, K. M. (1996). Exemplar generation: Assessing how respondents give meaning to rating scales.
165. Oviedo-García, M. Á., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., Trujillo-García, M. A., & Mallya, T. (2016). Film-induced tourist motivations. The case of Seville (Spain). Current issues in tourism, 19(7), 713-733.
166. Özdemir, G., & Adan, Ö. (2014). Film tourism triangulation of destinations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 625-633.
167. Paek, H.-J., & Hove, T. (2017). Risk perceptions and risk characteristics. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication.
168. Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International journal of management reviews, 13(1), 79-96.
169. Pereira, V., Gupta, J. J., & Hussain, S. (2022). Impact of travel motivation on tourist’s attitude toward destination: Evidence of mediating effect of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(5), 946-971.
170. Phau, I., Lee, S., & Quintal, V. (2013). An investigation of push and pull motivations of visitors to private parks: The case of Araluen Botanic Park. Journal of vacation marketing, 19(3), 269-284.
171. Phelps, A. (1986). Holiday destination image—the problem of assessment: An example developed in Menorca. Tourism Management, 7(3), 168-180.
172. Podoshen, J. S., & Andrzejewski, S. A. (2012). An examination of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(3), 319-334.
173. PrakashYadav, G., & Rai, J. (2017). The Generation Z and their social media usage: A review and a research outline. Global journal of enterprise information system, 9(2), 110-116.
174. Prebensen, N. K., & Lee, Y.-S. (2013). Why visit an eco-friendly destination? Perspectives of four European nationalities. Journal of vacation marketing, 19(2), 105-116.
175. Prentice, R. (2004). Tourist familiarity and imagery. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 923-945.
176. Proyrungroj, R. (2017). Orphan volunteer tourism in Thailand: Volunteer tourists’ motivations and on-site experiences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(5), 560-584.
177. Quintal, V., & Phau, I. (2014). Romancing “Friends with Benefits”: Does it Benefit New York as a Travel Destination? Tourism Analysis, 19(1), 51-67.
178. Quintal, V., & Phau, I. (2015). The role of movie images and its impact on destination choice. Tourism review.
179. Quitzow, R. (2015). Dynamics of a policy-driven market: The co-evolution of technological innovation systems for solar photovoltaics in China and Germany. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17, 126-148.
180. Rao, A. R., & Sieben, W. A. (1992). The effect of prior knowledge on price acceptability and the type of information examined. Journal of Consumer research, 19(2), 256-270.
181. Rathmell, J. M. (1966). What is meant by services? Journal of marketing, 30(4), 32-36.
182. Regan, W. J. (1963). The service revolution. Journal of marketing, 27(3), 57-62.
183. Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (2012). Cross-cultural behaviour in tourism. Routledge.
184. Rewtrakunphaiboon, W. (2009). Film-induced tourism: Inventing a vacation to a location. BU Academic Review, 8(1), 33-42.
185. Rezaei, S., Ali, F., Amin, M., & Jayashree, S. (2016). Online impulse buying of tourism products: The role of web site personality, utilitarian and hedonic web browsing. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology.
186. Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
187. Riley, R., Baker, D., & Doren, C. S. V. (1998, 1998/10/15/). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
188. Rittichainuwat, B., & Rattanaphinanchai, S. (2015). Applying a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination. Tourism Management, 46, 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.005
189. Rodrigues, M. B., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2022). Virtual Reality in the Motion Picture Industry: The Relationship among Movie Coolness, Sympathy, Empathy, and Word-of-Mouth. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(2), 144-159.
190. Roehl, W. S., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perceptions and pleasure travel: An exploratory analysis. Journal of travel research, 30(4), 17-26.
191. Romeril, M. (1985). Tourism and the environment—towards a symbiotic relationship: (Introductory paper). International Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(4), 215-218.
192. Ross, S. M. (2020). Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists. Academic press.
193. Salimon, M. G., Kareem, O., Mokhtar, S. S. M., Yusoff, R. Z. B., & Gorondutse, A. H. (2019). Tourism intention: the empirical investigations of pull, push and perceived security factors in Nigeria. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 25(2), 358-374.
194. Salleh, M. S. M., Mahbob, N. N., & Baharudin, N. S. (2017). Overview of “generation Z” behavioural characteristic and its effect towards hostel facility. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 11(2), 59-67.
195. Salnikova, E. (2022). THE TYPES OF TOURISM: NICHE TOURISM. Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences, 1(4), 7-9.
196. Santini, F. D. O., Ladeira, W. J., Vieira, V. A., Araujo, C. F., & Sampaio, C. H. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of impulse buying: a meta-analytic study. RAUSP Management Journal, 54, 178-204.
197. Scherbaum, C. A., & Meade, A. W. (2009). Measurement in the organizational sciences: Conceptual and technological advances.
198. Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2016). Past forward: Nostalgia as a motivational force. Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(5), 319-321.
199. Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015). To nostalgize: Mixing memory with affect and desire. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 51, pp. 189-273). Elsevier.
200. Selnes, F., & Sallis, J. (2003). Promoting relationship learning. Journal of marketing, 67(3), 80-95.
201. Shi, Y., Bettache, K., Zhang, N., & Xue, L. (2021). Constructing nostalgia in tourism: a comparison analysis of genuine and artificial approaches. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100488.
202. Shorten, A., & Moorley, C. (2014). Selecting the sample. Evidence-based nursing, 17(2), 32-33.
203. Shostack, G. L. (1977). Breaking free from product marketing. Journal of marketing, 41(2), 73-80.
204. Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4-11.
205. Sierra, J. J., & McQuitty, S. (2007). Attitudes and emotions as determinants of nostalgia purchases: an application of social identity theory. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 15(2), 99-112.
206. Simsek, M., & Kocak, G. N. (2020). Augmented product perception and attribution theory in tourism. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 2(2), 71-82.
207. Sirakaya, E., McLellan, R. W., & Uysal, M. (1996). Modeling vacation destination decisions: A behavioral approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 5(1-2), 57-75.
208. Sjöberg, L., & Engelberg, E. (2010). Risk perception and movies: A study of availability as a factor in risk perception. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 30(1), 95-106.
209. Sood, S. (2002). Audience involvement and entertainment—education. Communication theory, 12(2), 153-172.
210. Stergiou, D. P. (2019). Generation Z as young winery visitors in Greece. In Management and Marketing of Wine Tourism Business (pp. 63-79). Springer.
211. Stern, H. (1962). The significance of impulse buying today. Journal of marketing, 26(2), 59-62.
212. Su, L., Lian, Q., & Huang, Y. (2020). How do tourists' attribution of destination social responsibility motives impact trust and intention to visit? The moderating role of destination reputation. Tourism Management, 77, 103970.
213. Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2017). The effect of destination social responsibility on tourist environmentally responsible behavior: Compared analysis of first-time and repeat tourists. Tourism Management, 60, 308-321.
214. Su, L., Yang, Q., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, N. C. (2022). The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness. Journal of vacation marketing, 28(4), 406-423.
215. Sukamolson, S. (2007). Fundamentals of quantitative research. Language Institute Chulalongkorn University, 1(3), 1-20.
216. Suni, J., & Komppula, R. (2012). SF-Filmvillage as a movie tourism destination—a case study of movie tourist push motivations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 460-471.
217. Sztompka, P. (1999). Trust: A sociological theory. Cambridge university press.
218. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. How to choose a sampling technique for research (April 10, 2016).
219. Tan, W.-K., & Wu, C.-E. (2016). An investigation of the relationships among destination familiarity, destination image and future visit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 214-226.
220. Tasci, A. D. (2009). Social distance: The missing link in the loop of movies, destination image, and tourist behavior? Journal of travel research, 47(4), 494-507.
221. Thangavel, P., Pathak, P., & Chandra, B. (2022). Consumer decision-making style of gen Z: A generational cohort analysis. Global Business Review, 23(3), 710-728.
222. Tifferet, S., & Herstein, R. (2012). Gender differences in brand commitment, impulse buying, and hedonic consumption. Journal of product & brand management.
223. Tsai, S. p. (2012). Place attachment and tourism marketing: Investigating international tourists in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 139-152.
224. Tsaur, S.-H., Gwo-Hshiung, T., & Kuo-Ching, W. (1997). Evaluating Tourist Risks From Fuzzy Perspectives Annals of Tourism Research.
225. Tulgan, B. (2013). Meet Generation Z: The second generation within the giant" Millennial" cohort. Rainmaker Thinking, 125.
226. Turnbull, D. R., & Uysal, M. (1995). An exploratory study of German visitors to the Caribbean: Push and pull motivations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 4(2), 85-92.
227. Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The journal of individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
228. Ünsalan, M. (2016). Stimulating factors of impulse buying behavior: A literature review. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 572.
229. Van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 16(40), 33.
230. Vaughan, G. M., & Hogg, M. A. (2005). Introduction to social psychology . Frenchs Forest. New South Wales, NSW: Pearson Education.
231. Vila, N. A., Brea, J. A. F., & de Carlos, P. (2021). Film tourism in Spain: Destination awareness and visit motivation as determinants to visit places seen in TV series. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100135.
232. Virvilaitė, R., Saladienė, V., & Žvinklytė, J. (2011). The impact of external and internal stimuli on impulsive purchasing. Ekonomika ir vadyba(16), 1329-1336.
233. Vishnu, P., & Raheem, A. R. (2013). Factors influencing impulse buying behavior. European Journal of Scientific Research, 100(3), 67-79.
234. Voegtle, K. H., Spaulding, D. T., & Lodico, M. G. (2006). Methods in educational research. US: HB Printing.
235. Vohs, K., & Faber, R. (2003). Self-regulation and impulsive spending patterns. ACR North American Advances.
236. Walcher, B. (2016). The effects of films on destination image and tourists’ decision making process: We have seen it in the movies–let’s see if it’s true. GRIN Verlag.
237. Wang, D.-g. (2004). Push-pull factors in mountain resorts. Chinese Geographical Science, 14(4), 368-376.
238. Wang, L., Law, R., Hung, K., & Guillet, B. D. (2014). Consumer trust in tourism and hospitality: A review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 21, 1-9.
239. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological review, 92(4), 548.
240. Wen, H., Josiam, B. M., Spears, D. L., & Yang, Y. (2018). Influence of movies and television on Chinese tourists perception toward international tourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 211-219.
241. Weun, S., Jones, M. A., & Beatty, S. E. (1998). Development and validation of the impulse buying tendency scale. Psychological reports, 82(3_suppl), 1123-1133.
242. Wiedmer, T. (2015). Generations do differ: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers, and generations X, Y, and Z. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), 51.
243. Wijaya, M. I., & Rosikha, N. A. (2020). Movie-Induced Tourism as A Powerful Tourism Branding Media (Study Case on “Laskar Pelangi” The Movie). Airlangga Journal of Innovation Management, 1(2), 153-159.
244. Williams, A. M., & Baláž, V. (2013). Tourism, risk tolerance and competences: Travel organization and tourism hazards. Tourism Management, 35, 209-221.
245. Williams, K. C., Page, R. A., Petrosky, A. R., & Hernandez, E. H. (2010). Multi-generational marketing: Descriptions, characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(2), 21.
246. Wispé, L. (1986). The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2), 314.
247. Withers, C. W. (2018). Trust–in geography. Progress in Human Geography, 42(4), 489-508.
248. Wolak, R., Kalafatis, S., & Harris, P. (1998). An investigation into four characteristics of services. Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 3(2).
249. Wu, P.-T., & Lee, C.-J. (2016). Impulse buying behaviour in cosmetics marketing activities. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 27(9-10), 1091-1111.
250. Yağcı, M., & Çabuk, S. (2014). Pazarlama teorileri (Marketing theories). İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
251. Yang, E. C. L., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 89-100.
252. Yang, E. C. L., & Nair, V. (2014). Tourism at risk: A review of risk and perceived risk in tourism. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), 3(2), 1-21.
253. Yen, C.-H., & Croy, W. G. (2016). Film tourism: Celebrity involvement, celebrity worship and destination image. Current issues in tourism, 19(10), 1027-1044.
254. Zain, N. (2014). Agenda setting theory. International Islamic University Malaysia.
255. Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). Problems and strategies in services marketing. Journal of marketing, 49(2), 33-46.
256. Zhang, W. (2022). Cultural Entertainment Consumption and Empathy Communication Mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
257. Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2022). The role of trust in mitigating perceived threat, fear, and travel avoidance after a pandemic outbreak: A multigroup analysis. Journal of travel research, 61(3), 581-596.
258. Zulkefli, N. S., & Radzol, A. R. M. (2021). The Motivation to Visit Film-Induced Tourism Destinations Among Youth Travelers in Malaysia.
2. Abubakar, A. M., & Ilkan, M. (2016). Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 192-201.
3. Abubakar, A. M., Ilkan, M., Al-Tal, R. M., & Eluwole, K. K. (2017). eWOM, revisit intention, destination trust and gender. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 220-227.
4. Ahmad, T., & Vays, N. (2011). The impulse buying behavior of consumes for the FMCG products in Jodhpur. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1704-1710.
5. Ainuddin, R. A., Beamish, P. W., Hulland, J. S., & Rouse, M. J. (2007). Resource attributes and firm performance in international joint ventures. Journal of world business, 42(1), 47-60.
6. Akram, U., Hui, P., Khan, M. K., Hashim, M., & Rasheed, S. (2016). Impact of store atmosphere on impulse buying behaviour: Moderating effect of demographic variables. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 9(7), 43-60.
7. Al-Ansi, A., & Han, H. (2019). Role of halal-friendly destination performances, value, satisfaction, and trust in generating destination image and loyalty. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13, 51-60.
8. Ananda, A., Nugraha, A. S., Fujianti, A. R., & Susanto, E. (2021). Movie Induced Tourism in the Young Millennials Tourist Segment. Journal of Tourism Sustainability, 1(1), 9-15.
9. Arnuparb, N. (2013). The impact of the video clip" Amazing Thailand" on transportation, place image and place familiarity in tourism: a study on International University Students in Bangkok.
10. Arowosafe, F., Akinwotu, O., Tunde-Ajayi, O., Omosehin, O., & Osabuohien, E. (2022). Push and pull motivation factors: a panacea for tourism development challenges in Oluminrin waterfalls, Nigeria. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 14(1), 63-74.
11. Artigas, E. M., Yrigoyen, C. C., Moraga, E. T., & Villalón, C. B. (2017). Determinants of trust towards tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 327-334.
12. Atulkar, S., & Kesari, B. (2018). Role of consumer traits and situational factors on impulse buying: does gender matter? International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.
13. Azimi, S., Andonova, Y., & Schewe, C. (2021). Closer together or further apart? Values of hero generations Y and Z during crisis. Young Consumers.
14. Balasubramanian, S. K. (1994). Beyond advertising and publicity: Hybrid messages and public policy issues. Journal of advertising, 23(4), 29-46.
15. Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management, 22(2), 127-133.
16. Baloglu, S., & Uysal, M. (1996). Market segments of push and pull motivations: A canonical correlation approach. International journal of contemporary Hospitality Management.
17. Baniya, R., Ghimire, S., & Phuyal, S. (2017). Push and pull factors and their effects on international tourists’ revisit intention to Nepal. The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 8, 20-39.
18. Baniya, R., & Paudel, K. (2016). An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of domestic tourists in Nepal. Journal of Management and Development Studies, 27, 16-30.
19. Bashir, S., Zeeshan, M., Sabbar, S., Hussain, R. I., & Sarki, I. H. (2013). Impact of cultural values and life style on impulse buying behavior: a case study of Pakistan. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(1), 193.
20. Batcho, K. I. (1998). Personal nostalgia, world view, memory, and emotionality. Perceptual and motor skills, 87(2), 411-432.
21. Battaglia, M., Sampling, N., & Lavrakas, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Publication date.
22. Baykul, Y. (1999). Primary mathematics education. Ankara: Turkey, Ani Printing Pres, 35, 45.
23. Beeton, S. (2005). Film-induced tourism. In Film-Induced Tourism. Channel view publications.
24. Beeton, S. (2016). Film-induced tourism. In Film-Induced Tourism. Channel view publications.
25. Belk, R. W. (1990). The role of possessions in constructing and maintaining a sense of past. ACR North American Advances.
26. Bernardi, M. (2016). Turismo Cinematográfico La influencia del cine como motivador turístico.
27. Bharti, P. (2015). Films and destination promotion: an exploratory study. International Journal of Tourism and Travel, 8(1 & 2), 50.
28. Bieńkowska-Gołasa, W. (2018). Film tourism in the promotion of selected tourist destinations. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia, 17(4), 5-12.
29. Bladen, C., & Callinan, C. (2022). Post-Pandemic Destination Recovery: Social Constructionism and Understanding the Roles of Semiotic Representation of Customer Perception Through Knowing. In The Emerald handbook of destination recovery in tourism and hospitality (pp. 465-479). Emerald Publishing Limited.
30. Boone, H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data. Journal of extension, 50(2), 1-5.
31. Bosch, G. I. (2018). Rutas de cine, el turismo cinematográfico en Mallorca: el caso alemán. Pasos Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 16(3), 843-854.
32. Busby, G., & Klug, J. (2001). Movie-induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of vacation marketing, 7(4), 316-332.
33. Butler, R. W. (1990). The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns. Tourism recreation research, 15(2), 46-53.
34. Cardoso, L., Estevão, C. M., Muniz, A. C. F., & Alves, H. (2017). Film induced tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 13(3), 23-30.
35. Carneiro, M. J., & Crompton, J. L. (2010). The influence of involvement, familiarity, and constraints on the search for information about destinations. Journal of travel research, 49(4), 451-470.
36. Căruntu, A. L., & Diţoiu, M. C. (2014). The perceptions of hospitality services of a tourism destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 231-235.
37. Chancellor, C., Norman, W., Farmer, J., & Coe, E. (2011). Tourism organizations and land trusts: a sustainable approach to natural resource conservation? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 863-875.
38. Chang, D. Y. (2016). A study of TV drama series, cultural proximity and travel motivation: Moderation effect of enduring involvement. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 399-408.
39. Chang, H. H., Tsai, Y.-C., Wong, K. H., Wang, J. W., & Cho, F. J. (2015). The effects of response strategies and severity of failure on consumer attribution with regard to negative word-of-mouth. Decision Support Systems, 71, 48-61.
40. Chen, H.-B., Yeh, S.-S., & Huan, T.-C. (2014). Nostalgic emotion, experiential value, brand image, and consumption intentions of customers of nostalgic-themed restaurants. Journal of Business Research, 67(3), 354-360.
41. Chen, N., Qiao, G., & Liu, L. (2009). Tourism association studies risk perception and outbound tourists travel preferences—Tourists in Beijing. Geography, 6(97-102).
42. Chew, E. Y. T., & Jahari, S. A. (2014). Destination image as a mediator between perceived risks and revisit intention: A case of post-disaster Japan. Tourism Management, 40, 382-393.
43. Chi, H.-K., Huang, K.-C., & Nguyen, H. M. (2020). Elements of destination brand equity and destination familiarity regarding travel intention. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101728.
44. Chien, P. M., Sharifpour, M., Ritchie, B. W., & Watson, B. (2017). Travelers’ health risk perceptions and protective behavior: A psychological approach. Journal of travel research, 56(6), 744-759.
45. Cho, M., Bonn, M. A., & Han, S. J. (2018). Generation Z’s sustainable volunteering: Motivations, attitudes and job performance. Sustainability, 10(5), 1400.
46. Chon, K. S. (1989). Understanding recreational traveler's motivation, attitude and satisfaction. The tourist review.
47. Cioban, C. I., & Cioban, G. L. (2018). Tourism-Traditions And Culture Ambassador. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 18(1 (27)), 70-77.
48. Clark, M. C., & Payne, R. L. (1997). The nature and structure of workers' trust in management. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(3), 205-224.
49. Cohen, J. (1986). Promotion of overseas tourism through media fiction. Tourism services marketing: advances in theory and practice. Special conference series, volume II, 1986,
50. Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. routledge.
51. Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003a). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 7(3), 282-295.
52. Coley, A., & Burgess, B. (2003b). Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal.
53. Connell, J., & Meyer, D. (2009). Balamory revisited: An evaluation of the screen tourism destination-tourist nexus. Tourism Management, 30(2), 194-207.
54. Couldry, N. (1998). The view from inside the'simulacrum ‘: visitors’ tales from the set of Coronation Street. Leisure Studies, 17(2), 94-107.
55. Cracolici, M. F., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management, 30(3), 336-344.
56. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
57. Cronbach, L. J. (1970). Essentials of psychological testing.
58. Croy, G., & Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourism and film. Research themes for tourism, 188-204.
59. Croy, W. G. (2010). Planning for film tourism: Active destination image management. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 21-30.
60. Croy, W. G., & Walker, R. D. (2003). Rural tourism and film-issues for strategic regional development. New directions in rural tourism, 115-133.
61. Cuff, B. M., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion review, 8(2), 144-153.
62. Czakon, W., & Czernek, K. (2016). The role of trust-building mechanisms in entering into network coopetition: The case of tourism networks in Poland. Industrial Marketing Management, 57, 64-74.
63. Dabija, D.-C., Bejan, B. M., & Dinu, V. (2019). How sustainability oriented is Generation Z in retail? A literature review. Transformations in Business & Economics, 18(2).
64. Dann, G. M. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194.
65. Dean, D., & Suhartanto, D. (2019). The formation of visitor behavioral intention to creative tourism: the role of push–Pull motivation. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 393-403.
66. [Record #206 is using a reference type undefined in this output style.]
67. Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center, 17(1), 1-7.
68. Domínguez-Azcue, J., Almeida-García, F., Pérez-Tapia, G., & Cestino-González, E. (2021). Films and Destinations—Towards a Film Destination: A Review. Information, 12(1), 39.
69. Duarte, P., Raposo, M., & Ferraz, M. (2013). Drivers of snack foods impulse buying behaviour among young consumers. British Food Journal.
70. Elbaz, A. M., Abou Kamar, M. S., Onjewu, A.-K. E., & Soliman, M. (2021). Evaluating the antecedents of health destination loyalty: The moderating role of destination trust and tourists’ emotions. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-28.
71. Elfil, M., & Negida, A. (2017). Sampling methods in clinical research; an educational review. Emergency, 5(1).
72. endata. (2022). 2021 China Film Market Report. https://www.xdyanbao.com/doc/fzn8jro2mk?bd_vid=7685591354638519371
73. Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2005). The value of online surveys. Internet research.
74. Evans, N., Stonehouse, G., & Campbell, D. (2012). Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor & Francis.
75. Fornell, C., Cha, J., & Bagozzi, R. (1994). Advanced methods of marketing research. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Business. Gagné, M., & Deci, E.(2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331-362.
76. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39-50.
77. Foroughi, A., Buang, N. A., Senik, Z. C., & Hajmisadeghi, R. S. (2013). Impulse buying behavior and moderating role of gender among Iranian shoppers. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(4), 760-769.
78. Fossgard, K., & Fredman, P. (2019). Dimensions in the nature-based tourism experiencescape: An explorative analysis. Journal of outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 28, 100219.
79. Francis, T., & Hoefel, F. (2018). True Gen’: Generation Z and its implications for companies. McKinsey & Company, 12.
80. Fredman, P., Wall-Reinius, S., & Grundén, A. (2012). The nature of nature in nature-based tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(4), 289-309.
81. Fu, H., Ye, B. H., & Xiang, J. (2016). Reality TV, audience travel intentions, and destination image. Tourism Management, 55, 37-48.
82. Garg, A. (2015). Travel risks vs tourist decision making: A tourist perspective. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 8(1).
83. Gefen, D. (2000). E-commerce: the role of familiarity and trust. Omega, 28(6), 725-737.
84. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. (2005). A Practical Guide to Factorial Validity Using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and.
85. Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-Commerce and the importance of social presence: experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega, 32(6), 407-424.
86. Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J.-B. E., & Kumar, N. (1998). Generalizations about trust in marketing channel relationships using meta-analysis. International Journal of Research in marketing, 15(3), 223-248.
87. Ghiselli, E. E. (1964). Theory of psychological measurement. McGraw-Hill.
88. Gjorgievski, M., & Melles Trpkova, S. (2012). Movie induced tourism: A new tourism phenomenon. UTMS Journal of Economics, 3(1), 97-104.
89. González Conde, A., Araújo Vila, N., & Rodríguez Campo, L. (2015). Turismo cinematográfico: La conquista online de nuevos mercados. ROTUR. Revista de ocio y turismo, 9, 17-34.
90. Grazioli, S., & Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2000). Perils of Internet fraud: An empirical investigation of deception and trust with experienced Internet consumers. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans, 30(4), 395-410.
91. Grihault, N. (2003). Film tourism-the global picture. Travel & Tourism Analyst(5), 1-22.
92. Group, C. A. o. T. R. (2022). 2022 China Tourism Vacation Development Report. https://www.renrendoc.com/paper/226750962.html
93. Guerrieri, P., Iapadre, L., & Koopmann, G. (2005). Cultural diversity and international economic integration: The global governance of the audio-visual sector. Edward Elgar Publishing.
94. Gundle, S. (2020). ‘We Have Everything to Learn from the Americans’: Film Promotion, Product Placement and Consumer Culture in Italy, 1945-1965. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 40(1), 55-83.
95. Haddock, C. (1993). Managing risks in outdoor activities. New Zealand Mountain Safety Council.
96. Haddouche, H., & Salomone, C. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: tourist stories and use of social networks. Journal of Tourism Futures.
97. Hahm, J., Upchurch, R., & Wang, Y. (2008). Millennial students, movies, and tourism. Tourism Analysis, 13(2), 189-204.
98. Hair, J. F. (2009). Multivariate data analysis.
99. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
100. Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
101. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
102. Hammitt, W. E., Kyle, G. T., & Oh, C.-O. (2009). Comparison of place bonding models in recreation resource management. Journal of Leisure Research, 41(1), 57-72.
103. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2015). Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management, 46, 20-29.
104. Heitmann, S. (2010). Film tourism planning and development—Questioning the role of stakeholders and sustainability. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 31-46.
105. Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourist behaviour and tourism motivation. Research themes for tourism, 31-44.
106. Holbrook, M. B. (1993). Nostalgia and consumption preferences: Some emerging patterns of consumer tastes. Journal of Consumer research, 20(2), 245-256.
107. Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Li, M. (2010). Expectation, motivation, and attitude: A tourist behavioral model. Journal of travel research, 49(3), 282-296.
108. Hsu, C. H., Cai, L. A., & Wong, K. K. (2007). A model of senior tourism motivations—Anecdotes from Beijing and Shanghai. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1262-1273.
109. Hudson, S., & Ritchie, J. B. (2006a). Film tourism and destination marketing: The case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin. Journal of vacation marketing, 12(3), 256-268.
110. Hudson, S., & Ritchie, J. B. (2006b). Promoting destinations via film tourism: An empirical identification of supporting marketing initiatives. Journal of travel research, 44(4), 387-396.
111. Hwang, Y.-H. (2022). Halo effects of a Country in film-induced tourism: A case study of the Ha Long Bay, Vietnam in ‘Kong: Skull Island’. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 25, 100722.
112. Institute, L. R. (2022). 2022 China Film Market Annual Stocktaking Report. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230102A04SQ400
113. Iram, M., & Chacharkar, D. (2017). Model of impulse buying behavior. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research, 9(1), 45.
114. Iyer, G. R., Blut, M., Xiao, S. H., & Grewal, D. (2020). Impulse buying: a meta-analytic review. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 48(3), 384-404.
115. Jeffrey, S. A., & Hodge, R. (2007). Factors influencing impulse buying during an online purchase. Electronic Commerce Research, 7(3), 367-379.
116. Jensen, S., & Svendsen, G. T. (2016). Social trust, safety and the choice of tourist destination. Business and Management Horizons, 4(1), 1-9.
117. Jeong, D., Han, S. H., Jeong, D. Y., Kwon, K., & Choi, S. (2021). Investigating 4D movie audiences’ emotional responses to motion effects and empathy. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106797.
118. Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: sample size for pilot studies. Educational and psychological measurement, 70(3), 394-400.
119. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British journal of applied science & technology, 7(4), 396.
120. Keh, H. T., & Xie, Y. (2009). Corporate reputation and customer behavioral intentions: The roles of trust, identification and commitment. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(7), 732-742.
121. Kim, H., & Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237.
122. Kim, S. (2010). Extraordinary experience: Re-enacting and photographing at screen tourism locations. Tourism and hospitality planning & development, 7(1), 59-75.
123. Kim, S. (2012). The relationships of on-site film-tourism experiences, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The case of Asian audience's responses to a Korean historical TV drama. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 472-484.
124. Kim, S., & Kim, S. (2018). Segmentation of potential film tourists by film nostalgia and preferred film tourism program. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(3), 285-305.
125. Kim, S., Kim, S., & King, B. (2019). Nostalgia film tourism and its potential for destination development. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(2), 236-252.
126. Kim, S. S., Lee, C.-K., & Klenosky, D. B. (2003). The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks. Tourism Management, 24(2), 169-180.
127. Kim, Y., Kim, Y., & Zhou, S. (2017). Theoretical and methodological trends of agenda-setting theory: A thematic analysis of the last four decades of research. The agenda setting journal, 1(1), 5-22.
128. Kobkitpanichpol, B. (2017). The role of films and TV dramas on tourists' intention to visit.
129. Krosnick, J. A. (2018). Questionnaire design. In The Palgrave handbook of survey research (pp. 439-455). Springer.
130. Lackey, N. R., & Wingate, A. L. (1997). The Pilot Study: One Key. Advanced design in nursing research, 375.
131. Laing, J. H., & Crouch, G. I. (2009). Exploring the role of the media in shaping motivations behind frontier travel experiences. Tourism Analysis, 14(2), 187-198.
132. Lee, J. K., Han, K. H., & Kim, J. G. (2013). A comparative study on the motivation & behavioral Intentions according to visit experience of tourism-comparison between first-time visitors and repeat visitors. Tourism Stud, 28(3), 269-289.
133. Lee, S., Scott, D., & Kim, H. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 809-832.
134. Lee, Y.-J. (2015). Creating memorable experiences in a reuse heritage site. Annals of Tourism Research, 55, 155-170.
135. Li, C.-H., & Liu, C.-C. (2020). The effects of empathy and persuasion of storytelling via tourism micro-movies on travel willingness. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 25(4), 382-392.
136. Lin, L. Y., & Lu, C. Y. (2010). The influence of corporate image, relationship marketing, and trust on purchase intention: the moderating effects of word‐of‐mouth. Tourism review.
137. Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (2009). Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. 1). Sage.
138. Litwin, M. S., & Fink, A. (1995). How to measure survey reliability and validity (Vol. 7). Sage.
139. Liu, J., Wang, C., Fang, S., & Zhang, T. (2019). Scale development for tourist trust toward a tourism destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 383-397.
140. [Record #340 is using a reference type undefined in this output style.]
141. Macionis, N. (2004). Understanding the film-induced tourist. International tourism and media conference proceedings,
142. Macionis, N., & Sparks, B. (2009). Film-induced tourism: An incidental experience. Tourism Review International, 13(2), 93-101.
143. Mai, L.-W. (2001). Effective risk relievers for dimensional perceived risks on mail-order purchase: a case study on specialty foods in the UK. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 7(1-2), 35-52.
144. Marafa, L. M., Chan, C.-S., & Li, K. (2020). Market Potential and Obstacles for Film-Induced Tourism Development in Yunnan Province in China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 1-23.
145. Marchegiani, C., & Phau, I. (2011). The value of historical nostalgia for marketing management. Marketing Intelligence & Planning.
146. Margaryan, L. (2018). Nature as a commercial setting: The case of nature-based tourism providers in Sweden. Current issues in tourism, 21(16), 1893-1911.
147. Marić, D., Marinković, V., Marić, R., & Dimitrovski, D. (2016). Analysis of tangible and intangible hotel service quality components. Industrija, 44(1).
148. Marinao, E., Chasco, C., & Torres, E. (2012). Trust in tourist destinations. The role of local inhabitants and institutions. Academia. Revista Latinoamericana de Administración(51), 27-47.
149. Maser, B., & Weiermair, K. (1998). Travel decision-making: From the vantage point of perceived risk and information preferences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 7(4), 107-121.
150. Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage publications.
151. McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, 36(2), 176-187.
152. McIntosh, A. J., Hinch, T., & Ingram, T. (2002). Cultural identity and tourism. International Journal of Arts Management, 39-49.
153. McKercher, B., & Du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. Routledge.
154. Michael, N., Balasubramanian, S., Michael, I., & Fotiadis, A. (2020). Underlying motivating factors for movie-induced tourism among Emiratis and Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(4), 435-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420914355
155. Mizerski, R. W., Golden, L. L., & Kernan, J. B. (1979). The attribution process in consumer decision making. Journal of Consumer research, 6(2), 123-140.
156. Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B., & Sharma, P. (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior. European Journal of marketing.
157. Mohiuddin, Z. A., & Iqbal, H. (2018). Relationship of demographic factors and impulse buying behavior of customers in Pakistan. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 46, 42-46.
158. Monaco, S. (2018). Tourism and the new generations: emerging trends and social implications in Italy. Journal of Tourism Futures.
159. Muruganantham, G., & Bhakat, R. S. (2013). A review of impulse buying behavior. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(3), 149.
160. Mylopoulos, M., & Pacherie, E. (2019). Intentions: The dynamic hierarchical model revisited. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 10(2), e1481.
161. Nakayama, C. (2021). Film-Induced Tourism Studies on Asia: A Systematic Literature Review. Tourism Review International, 25(1), 63-78.
162. Nielsen, B. B. (2011). Trust in strategic alliances: Toward a co-evolutionary research model. Journal of Trust Research, 1(2), 159-176.
163. Omair, A. (2014). Sample size estimation and sampling techniques for selecting a representative sample. Journal of Health specialties, 2(4), 142.
164. Ostrom, T. M., & Gannon, K. M. (1996). Exemplar generation: Assessing how respondents give meaning to rating scales.
165. Oviedo-García, M. Á., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., Trujillo-García, M. A., & Mallya, T. (2016). Film-induced tourist motivations. The case of Seville (Spain). Current issues in tourism, 19(7), 713-733.
166. Özdemir, G., & Adan, Ö. (2014). Film tourism triangulation of destinations. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 625-633.
167. Paek, H.-J., & Hove, T. (2017). Risk perceptions and risk characteristics. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication.
168. Parry, E., & Urwin, P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International journal of management reviews, 13(1), 79-96.
169. Pereira, V., Gupta, J. J., & Hussain, S. (2022). Impact of travel motivation on tourist’s attitude toward destination: Evidence of mediating effect of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(5), 946-971.
170. Phau, I., Lee, S., & Quintal, V. (2013). An investigation of push and pull motivations of visitors to private parks: The case of Araluen Botanic Park. Journal of vacation marketing, 19(3), 269-284.
171. Phelps, A. (1986). Holiday destination image—the problem of assessment: An example developed in Menorca. Tourism Management, 7(3), 168-180.
172. Podoshen, J. S., & Andrzejewski, S. A. (2012). An examination of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying, and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(3), 319-334.
173. PrakashYadav, G., & Rai, J. (2017). The Generation Z and their social media usage: A review and a research outline. Global journal of enterprise information system, 9(2), 110-116.
174. Prebensen, N. K., & Lee, Y.-S. (2013). Why visit an eco-friendly destination? Perspectives of four European nationalities. Journal of vacation marketing, 19(2), 105-116.
175. Prentice, R. (2004). Tourist familiarity and imagery. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 923-945.
176. Proyrungroj, R. (2017). Orphan volunteer tourism in Thailand: Volunteer tourists’ motivations and on-site experiences. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 41(5), 560-584.
177. Quintal, V., & Phau, I. (2014). Romancing “Friends with Benefits”: Does it Benefit New York as a Travel Destination? Tourism Analysis, 19(1), 51-67.
178. Quintal, V., & Phau, I. (2015). The role of movie images and its impact on destination choice. Tourism review.
179. Quitzow, R. (2015). Dynamics of a policy-driven market: The co-evolution of technological innovation systems for solar photovoltaics in China and Germany. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17, 126-148.
180. Rao, A. R., & Sieben, W. A. (1992). The effect of prior knowledge on price acceptability and the type of information examined. Journal of Consumer research, 19(2), 256-270.
181. Rathmell, J. M. (1966). What is meant by services? Journal of marketing, 30(4), 32-36.
182. Regan, W. J. (1963). The service revolution. Journal of marketing, 27(3), 57-62.
183. Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. (2012). Cross-cultural behaviour in tourism. Routledge.
184. Rewtrakunphaiboon, W. (2009). Film-induced tourism: Inventing a vacation to a location. BU Academic Review, 8(1), 33-42.
185. Rezaei, S., Ali, F., Amin, M., & Jayashree, S. (2016). Online impulse buying of tourism products: The role of web site personality, utilitarian and hedonic web browsing. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology.
186. Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
187. Riley, R., Baker, D., & Doren, C. S. V. (1998, 1998/10/15/). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
188. Rittichainuwat, B., & Rattanaphinanchai, S. (2015). Applying a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination. Tourism Management, 46, 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.005
189. Rodrigues, M. B., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2022). Virtual Reality in the Motion Picture Industry: The Relationship among Movie Coolness, Sympathy, Empathy, and Word-of-Mouth. Journal of Promotion Management, 28(2), 144-159.
190. Roehl, W. S., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perceptions and pleasure travel: An exploratory analysis. Journal of travel research, 30(4), 17-26.
191. Romeril, M. (1985). Tourism and the environment—towards a symbiotic relationship: (Introductory paper). International Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(4), 215-218.
192. Ross, S. M. (2020). Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists. Academic press.
193. Salimon, M. G., Kareem, O., Mokhtar, S. S. M., Yusoff, R. Z. B., & Gorondutse, A. H. (2019). Tourism intention: the empirical investigations of pull, push and perceived security factors in Nigeria. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 25(2), 358-374.
194. Salleh, M. S. M., Mahbob, N. N., & Baharudin, N. S. (2017). Overview of “generation Z” behavioural characteristic and its effect towards hostel facility. International Journal of Real Estate Studies, 11(2), 59-67.
195. Salnikova, E. (2022). THE TYPES OF TOURISM: NICHE TOURISM. Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences, 1(4), 7-9.
196. Santini, F. D. O., Ladeira, W. J., Vieira, V. A., Araujo, C. F., & Sampaio, C. H. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of impulse buying: a meta-analytic study. RAUSP Management Journal, 54, 178-204.
197. Scherbaum, C. A., & Meade, A. W. (2009). Measurement in the organizational sciences: Conceptual and technological advances.
198. Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2016). Past forward: Nostalgia as a motivational force. Trends in cognitive sciences, 20(5), 319-321.
199. Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Hepper, E. G., & Zhou, X. (2015). To nostalgize: Mixing memory with affect and desire. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 51, pp. 189-273). Elsevier.
200. Selnes, F., & Sallis, J. (2003). Promoting relationship learning. Journal of marketing, 67(3), 80-95.
201. Shi, Y., Bettache, K., Zhang, N., & Xue, L. (2021). Constructing nostalgia in tourism: a comparison analysis of genuine and artificial approaches. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100488.
202. Shorten, A., & Moorley, C. (2014). Selecting the sample. Evidence-based nursing, 17(2), 32-33.
203. Shostack, G. L. (1977). Breaking free from product marketing. Journal of marketing, 41(2), 73-80.
204. Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4-11.
205. Sierra, J. J., & McQuitty, S. (2007). Attitudes and emotions as determinants of nostalgia purchases: an application of social identity theory. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 15(2), 99-112.
206. Simsek, M., & Kocak, G. N. (2020). Augmented product perception and attribution theory in tourism. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 2(2), 71-82.
207. Sirakaya, E., McLellan, R. W., & Uysal, M. (1996). Modeling vacation destination decisions: A behavioral approach. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 5(1-2), 57-75.
208. Sjöberg, L., & Engelberg, E. (2010). Risk perception and movies: A study of availability as a factor in risk perception. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 30(1), 95-106.
209. Sood, S. (2002). Audience involvement and entertainment—education. Communication theory, 12(2), 153-172.
210. Stergiou, D. P. (2019). Generation Z as young winery visitors in Greece. In Management and Marketing of Wine Tourism Business (pp. 63-79). Springer.
211. Stern, H. (1962). The significance of impulse buying today. Journal of marketing, 26(2), 59-62.
212. Su, L., Lian, Q., & Huang, Y. (2020). How do tourists' attribution of destination social responsibility motives impact trust and intention to visit? The moderating role of destination reputation. Tourism Management, 77, 103970.
213. Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2017). The effect of destination social responsibility on tourist environmentally responsible behavior: Compared analysis of first-time and repeat tourists. Tourism Management, 60, 308-321.
214. Su, L., Yang, Q., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, N. C. (2022). The impact of online reviews on destination trust and travel intention: The moderating role of online review trustworthiness. Journal of vacation marketing, 28(4), 406-423.
215. Sukamolson, S. (2007). Fundamentals of quantitative research. Language Institute Chulalongkorn University, 1(3), 1-20.
216. Suni, J., & Komppula, R. (2012). SF-Filmvillage as a movie tourism destination—a case study of movie tourist push motivations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 460-471.
217. Sztompka, P. (1999). Trust: A sociological theory. Cambridge university press.
218. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. How to choose a sampling technique for research (April 10, 2016).
219. Tan, W.-K., & Wu, C.-E. (2016). An investigation of the relationships among destination familiarity, destination image and future visit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 214-226.
220. Tasci, A. D. (2009). Social distance: The missing link in the loop of movies, destination image, and tourist behavior? Journal of travel research, 47(4), 494-507.
221. Thangavel, P., Pathak, P., & Chandra, B. (2022). Consumer decision-making style of gen Z: A generational cohort analysis. Global Business Review, 23(3), 710-728.
222. Tifferet, S., & Herstein, R. (2012). Gender differences in brand commitment, impulse buying, and hedonic consumption. Journal of product & brand management.
223. Tsai, S. p. (2012). Place attachment and tourism marketing: Investigating international tourists in Singapore. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14(2), 139-152.
224. Tsaur, S.-H., Gwo-Hshiung, T., & Kuo-Ching, W. (1997). Evaluating Tourist Risks From Fuzzy Perspectives Annals of Tourism Research.
225. Tulgan, B. (2013). Meet Generation Z: The second generation within the giant" Millennial" cohort. Rainmaker Thinking, 125.
226. Turnbull, D. R., & Uysal, M. (1995). An exploratory study of German visitors to the Caribbean: Push and pull motivations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 4(2), 85-92.
227. Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The journal of individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
228. Ünsalan, M. (2016). Stimulating factors of impulse buying behavior: A literature review. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 572.
229. Van Teijlingen, E., & Hundley, V. (2002). The importance of pilot studies. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 16(40), 33.
230. Vaughan, G. M., & Hogg, M. A. (2005). Introduction to social psychology . Frenchs Forest. New South Wales, NSW: Pearson Education.
231. Vila, N. A., Brea, J. A. F., & de Carlos, P. (2021). Film tourism in Spain: Destination awareness and visit motivation as determinants to visit places seen in TV series. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100135.
232. Virvilaitė, R., Saladienė, V., & Žvinklytė, J. (2011). The impact of external and internal stimuli on impulsive purchasing. Ekonomika ir vadyba(16), 1329-1336.
233. Vishnu, P., & Raheem, A. R. (2013). Factors influencing impulse buying behavior. European Journal of Scientific Research, 100(3), 67-79.
234. Voegtle, K. H., Spaulding, D. T., & Lodico, M. G. (2006). Methods in educational research. US: HB Printing.
235. Vohs, K., & Faber, R. (2003). Self-regulation and impulsive spending patterns. ACR North American Advances.
236. Walcher, B. (2016). The effects of films on destination image and tourists’ decision making process: We have seen it in the movies–let’s see if it’s true. GRIN Verlag.
237. Wang, D.-g. (2004). Push-pull factors in mountain resorts. Chinese Geographical Science, 14(4), 368-376.
238. Wang, L., Law, R., Hung, K., & Guillet, B. D. (2014). Consumer trust in tourism and hospitality: A review of the literature. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 21, 1-9.
239. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological review, 92(4), 548.
240. Wen, H., Josiam, B. M., Spears, D. L., & Yang, Y. (2018). Influence of movies and television on Chinese tourists perception toward international tourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 211-219.
241. Weun, S., Jones, M. A., & Beatty, S. E. (1998). Development and validation of the impulse buying tendency scale. Psychological reports, 82(3_suppl), 1123-1133.
242. Wiedmer, T. (2015). Generations do differ: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers, and generations X, Y, and Z. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), 51.
243. Wijaya, M. I., & Rosikha, N. A. (2020). Movie-Induced Tourism as A Powerful Tourism Branding Media (Study Case on “Laskar Pelangi” The Movie). Airlangga Journal of Innovation Management, 1(2), 153-159.
244. Williams, A. M., & Baláž, V. (2013). Tourism, risk tolerance and competences: Travel organization and tourism hazards. Tourism Management, 35, 209-221.
245. Williams, K. C., Page, R. A., Petrosky, A. R., & Hernandez, E. H. (2010). Multi-generational marketing: Descriptions, characteristics, lifestyles, and attitudes. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 11(2), 21.
246. Wispé, L. (1986). The distinction between sympathy and empathy: To call forth a concept, a word is needed. Journal of personality and social psychology, 50(2), 314.
247. Withers, C. W. (2018). Trust–in geography. Progress in Human Geography, 42(4), 489-508.
248. Wolak, R., Kalafatis, S., & Harris, P. (1998). An investigation into four characteristics of services. Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 3(2).
249. Wu, P.-T., & Lee, C.-J. (2016). Impulse buying behaviour in cosmetics marketing activities. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 27(9-10), 1091-1111.
250. Yağcı, M., & Çabuk, S. (2014). Pazarlama teorileri (Marketing theories). İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
251. Yang, E. C. L., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 89-100.
252. Yang, E. C. L., & Nair, V. (2014). Tourism at risk: A review of risk and perceived risk in tourism. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), 3(2), 1-21.
253. Yen, C.-H., & Croy, W. G. (2016). Film tourism: Celebrity involvement, celebrity worship and destination image. Current issues in tourism, 19(10), 1027-1044.
254. Zain, N. (2014). Agenda setting theory. International Islamic University Malaysia.
255. Zeithaml, V. A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). Problems and strategies in services marketing. Journal of marketing, 49(2), 33-46.
256. Zhang, W. (2022). Cultural Entertainment Consumption and Empathy Communication Mechanism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
257. Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2022). The role of trust in mitigating perceived threat, fear, and travel avoidance after a pandemic outbreak: A multigroup analysis. Journal of travel research, 61(3), 581-596.
258. Zulkefli, N. S., & Radzol, A. R. M. (2021). The Motivation to Visit Film-Induced Tourism Destinations Among Youth Travelers in Malaysia.
