本校學位論文庫
CITYU Theses & Dissertations
論文詳情
张芷维
范雪丰
國際旅遊與管理學院
國際款待與旅遊業管理碩士學位課程 (英文學制)
碩士
2022
Investigating Tourists' Satisfaction and Happiness in Macau’s Virtual Exhibitions based on Smart Tourism Technology
Investigating Tourists' Satisfaction and Happiness in Macau’s Virtual Exhibitions based on Smart Tourism Technology
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Virtual Exhibitions ; Tourists’satisfaction ; Tourists’happiness ; Smart Tourism Technology ; Macau
公開日期：21/6/2026
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Nowadays, technology has evolved and advanced, and the travel industry is no exception. Smart tourism technology has emerged in the field of tourism in combination with computer science technology. The widespread use of Smart tourism technology has led to rapid growth in the travel industry and is rapidly changing the way visitors engage with destinations and tourist attractions.
The virtual exhibition is a very common means of smart tourism technology to showcase tourist attractions through Internet sites. And virtual exhibitions have become increasingly popular as a means of providing visitors with an immersive and interactive experience, allowing them to enjoy the exhibition even when they are not at the destination. This opens up new possibilities for tourism marketing and promotion, as well as for enhancing the overall visitor experience.
Macau, a special administrative region of China, is a popular tourist destination known for its rich history, unique blend of cultures and vibrant entertainment scene. In recent years, Macau has made significant investments in smart tourism technologies, such as official tourism e-books, apps and virtual exhibitions, as a way to attract more visitors and enhance their experience.
In this study, an online virtual exhibition in Macau was chosen to be studied and visitors who have visited the virtual exhibition in Macau were surveyed. To explore the factors affecting virtual exhibitions, and to study their satisfaction and happiness with online tourism by visiting online virtual exhibitions developed with the technical support of smart tourism, to provide effective suggestions for improving and enriching online virtual exhibitions in Macau, as well as to offer suggestions for the future growth of virtual tourism in Macau.
The results of the study show that perceptible smart tourism technology positively influences visitors' memorable experience, the memorable experience gained in the process of enjoying virtual exhibitions positively influence visitors' satisfaction, and visitors' satisfaction has a positive effect on visitors' travel happiness.
The virtual exhibition is a very common means of smart tourism technology to showcase tourist attractions through Internet sites. And virtual exhibitions have become increasingly popular as a means of providing visitors with an immersive and interactive experience, allowing them to enjoy the exhibition even when they are not at the destination. This opens up new possibilities for tourism marketing and promotion, as well as for enhancing the overall visitor experience.
Macau, a special administrative region of China, is a popular tourist destination known for its rich history, unique blend of cultures and vibrant entertainment scene. In recent years, Macau has made significant investments in smart tourism technologies, such as official tourism e-books, apps and virtual exhibitions, as a way to attract more visitors and enhance their experience.
In this study, an online virtual exhibition in Macau was chosen to be studied and visitors who have visited the virtual exhibition in Macau were surveyed. To explore the factors affecting virtual exhibitions, and to study their satisfaction and happiness with online tourism by visiting online virtual exhibitions developed with the technical support of smart tourism, to provide effective suggestions for improving and enriching online virtual exhibitions in Macau, as well as to offer suggestions for the future growth of virtual tourism in Macau.
The results of the study show that perceptible smart tourism technology positively influences visitors' memorable experience, the memorable experience gained in the process of enjoying virtual exhibitions positively influence visitors' satisfaction, and visitors' satisfaction has a positive effect on visitors' travel happiness.
2023
中文
99
Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................IV
Abstract...........................................................................................................................V
List of Figures IX
List of Tables X
Chapter One Introduction................................................................................................1
1.1 Research Background........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Purpose..................................................................................................3
1.3 Contribution of this study.....................................................................................4
1.4 Thesis Outline.......................................................................................................5
Chapter Two Literature Review......................................................................................8
2.1 Smart Tourism.......................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Definition of Smart Tourism........................................................................8
2.1.2 Benifits of Smart Devices in Tourism ...................................................... 10
2.2 Smart Tourism Technology (STTs).................................................................... 12
2.2.1 The Concept of Smart Tourism Technology (STTs)..................................12
2.2.2 Informativeness...........................................................................................14
2.2.3 Accessibility...............................................................................................14
2.2.4 Interactivity.................................................................................................15
2.2.5 Personalization............................................................................................15
2.2.6 Security.......................................................................................................16
2.2.7 Smart Tourism Technology in Macau........................................................17
2.3 Virtual Exhibition................................................................................................19
2.3.1 Definition of Virtual Exhibition .............................................................19
2.3.2 Virtual Exhibition Experience ...................................................................22
2.3.3 Virtual Exhibitions in Macau......................................................................23
2.4 Tourists' Satisfaction ...........................................................................................27
2.5 Tourists' Happiness..............................................................................................28
Chapter Three Methodology..........................................................................................30
3.1 Research Model and Hypotheses.........................................................................30
3.2 Questionnaire Design...........................................................................................31
3.2.1 Questionnaire Measurement and Items.................................................... .32
3.3 Pilot Test............................................................................................................37
3.3.1 Reliability Test of Pilot Test.................................................................... ..38
3.3.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) of Pilot Test....................................... 40
3.4 Data Analysis Procedure and Statistical Method...............................................43
Chapter Four Data analysis and Results.......................................................................45
4.1 Sample Collection...............................................................................................45
4.2 Data Analysis......................................................................................................45
4.2.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents...................................................... ...46
4.3 Descriptive Statistics..........................................................................................47
4.3.1 Informativeness............................................................................................47
4.3.2 Accessibilit...................................................................................................48
4.3.3 Interactivity..................................................................................................49
4.3.4 Personalization.............................................................................................50
4.3.5 Tourists' Satisfaction....................................................................................51
4.3.6 Tourists' Happiness.......................................................................................52
4.3.7 Virtual Exhibition Memorable Experience...................................................53
4.4 Reliability Test and Validity Test........................................................................53
4.4.1 Reliability Test..............................................................................................54
4.4.2 Validity Test.................................................................................................56
4.5 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)..................................................................59
4.6 Group Differences: t-test and one-way ANOVA................................................61
4.6.1 Informativeness............................................................................................61
4.6.2 Accessibility.................................................................................................62
4.6.3 Interactivity..................................................................................................63
4.6.4 Personalization.............................................................................................64
4.6.5 Tourists' Satisfaction....................................................................................65
4.6.6 Tourists' Happiness.......................................................................................66
4.6.7 Virtual Exhibition Memorable Experience...................................................67
4.7 Results and Findings................................................................................................69
4.7.1 Results...........................................................................................................69
4.7.2 Findings........................................................................................................70
4.7.3 Group differences.................................................................................................71
Chapter Five Conclusion and limitation........................................................................74
5.1 Rrsearch conclusions...........................................................................................74
5.2 Implications.........................................................................................................75
5.2.1 Theoretical Implications...............................................................................75
5.2.2 Practical Implications...................................................................................76
5.3 Limitations and Future Suggestions....................................................................77
References 80
Curriculum Vitae...........................................................................................................84
Appendix 1.Questionnaire (English Version)................................................................86
Appendix 2.Questionnaire (Chinese Version)...............................................................92
Abstract...........................................................................................................................V
List of Figures IX
List of Tables X
Chapter One Introduction................................................................................................1
1.1 Research Background........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Purpose..................................................................................................3
1.3 Contribution of this study.....................................................................................4
1.4 Thesis Outline.......................................................................................................5
Chapter Two Literature Review......................................................................................8
2.1 Smart Tourism.......................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Definition of Smart Tourism........................................................................8
2.1.2 Benifits of Smart Devices in Tourism ...................................................... 10
2.2 Smart Tourism Technology (STTs).................................................................... 12
2.2.1 The Concept of Smart Tourism Technology (STTs)..................................12
2.2.2 Informativeness...........................................................................................14
2.2.3 Accessibility...............................................................................................14
2.2.4 Interactivity.................................................................................................15
2.2.5 Personalization............................................................................................15
2.2.6 Security.......................................................................................................16
2.2.7 Smart Tourism Technology in Macau........................................................17
2.3 Virtual Exhibition................................................................................................19
2.3.1 Definition of Virtual Exhibition .............................................................19
2.3.2 Virtual Exhibition Experience ...................................................................22
2.3.3 Virtual Exhibitions in Macau......................................................................23
2.4 Tourists' Satisfaction ...........................................................................................27
2.5 Tourists' Happiness..............................................................................................28
Chapter Three Methodology..........................................................................................30
3.1 Research Model and Hypotheses.........................................................................30
3.2 Questionnaire Design...........................................................................................31
3.2.1 Questionnaire Measurement and Items.................................................... .32
3.3 Pilot Test............................................................................................................37
3.3.1 Reliability Test of Pilot Test.................................................................... ..38
3.3.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA) of Pilot Test....................................... 40
3.4 Data Analysis Procedure and Statistical Method...............................................43
Chapter Four Data analysis and Results.......................................................................45
4.1 Sample Collection...............................................................................................45
4.2 Data Analysis......................................................................................................45
4.2.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents...................................................... ...46
4.3 Descriptive Statistics..........................................................................................47
4.3.1 Informativeness............................................................................................47
4.3.2 Accessibilit...................................................................................................48
4.3.3 Interactivity..................................................................................................49
4.3.4 Personalization.............................................................................................50
4.3.5 Tourists' Satisfaction....................................................................................51
4.3.6 Tourists' Happiness.......................................................................................52
4.3.7 Virtual Exhibition Memorable Experience...................................................53
4.4 Reliability Test and Validity Test........................................................................53
4.4.1 Reliability Test..............................................................................................54
4.4.2 Validity Test.................................................................................................56
4.5 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)..................................................................59
4.6 Group Differences: t-test and one-way ANOVA................................................61
4.6.1 Informativeness............................................................................................61
4.6.2 Accessibility.................................................................................................62
4.6.3 Interactivity..................................................................................................63
4.6.4 Personalization.............................................................................................64
4.6.5 Tourists' Satisfaction....................................................................................65
4.6.6 Tourists' Happiness.......................................................................................66
4.6.7 Virtual Exhibition Memorable Experience...................................................67
4.7 Results and Findings................................................................................................69
4.7.1 Results...........................................................................................................69
4.7.2 Findings........................................................................................................70
4.7.3 Group differences.................................................................................................71
Chapter Five Conclusion and limitation........................................................................74
5.1 Rrsearch conclusions...........................................................................................74
5.2 Implications.........................................................................................................75
5.2.1 Theoretical Implications...............................................................................75
5.2.2 Practical Implications...................................................................................76
5.3 Limitations and Future Suggestions....................................................................77
References 80
Curriculum Vitae...........................................................................................................84
Appendix 1.Questionnaire (English Version)................................................................86
Appendix 2.Questionnaire (Chinese Version)...............................................................92
1 Allen, L. R., and R. Beattie (1984). “The Role of Leisure as an Indicator of Overall Satisfaction with Community Life.” Journal of Leisure Research, 16: 99-109.
2 Allen, L. R., and M. A. Donnelly (1985). “An Analysis of the Social Unit of Participation and the Perceived Psychological Outcomes Associated with Most Enjoyable Recreational Activities.” Leisure Studies, 7: 421-441.
3 Anthopoulos, L. G. (2015). Understanding the smart city domain: A literature review. Transforming city governments for successful smart cities, 9-21.
4 Burdea, G. C., & Coiffet, P. (2003). Virtual reality technology. John Wiley & Sons.pp. 663–664.
5 Connely, N. A. (1987). “Critical Factors and Their Threshold for Camper Satisfaction at Two Campgrounds.” Journal of Leisure Research, 19 (3): 159-73.
6 Diener, E. (2009). Subjective well-being. The science of well-being, 11-58.
7 Fielding, K. A., P. L. Pearce, and K. Hughes (1992). “Climbing Rock: Relating Visitor Motivation, Time Perception, and Enjoyment.” Journal of Tourism Studies, 3: 49-57.
8 Foo, S. (2008). Online virtual exhibitions: Concepts and design considerations. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 28(4), 22.
9 Filep, S. (2009). Tourists’happiness through the lens of positive psychology (Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University).
10 Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic markets, 25(3), 179-188.
11 Femenia-Serra, F., & Neuhofer, B. (2018). Smart tourism experiences: Conceptualisation, key dimensions and research agenda. Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research, (42), 129-150.
12 Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent systems in tourism: A social science perspective. Annals of tourism research, 38(3), 757-779.
13 Hergenröder, H., & Blank, R. (2009). Subjective well‐being and satisfaction with life in adults with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a randomized sample. Developmental medicine & child neurology, 51(5), 389-396.
14 Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K., & Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information & Management, 54(6), 757-770.
15 Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477.
16 Khoon, L. C., Ramaiah, C. K., & Foo, S. (2002). The design and development of an online exhibition for heritage information awareness. In Museums and the Web.
17 Koo, C., Mendes-Filho, L., & Buhalis, D. (2019). Smart tourism and competitive advantage for stakeholders: Guest editorial. Tourism Review, 74(1), 1-4.
18 Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2019). A hedonic motivation model in virtual reality tourism: Comparing visitors and non-visitors. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 236-249.
19 Lengkeek, J. (2001). Leisure experience and imagination: Rethinking Cohen's modes of tourist experience. International sociology, 16(2), 173-184.
20 Luo, X. (2002). Uses and gratifications theory and E-consumer behaviors. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 2(2), 34–41.
21 Lee, H., Lee, J., Chung, N., & Koo, C. (2018). Tourists’ happiness: are there smart tourism technology effects?. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 486-501.
22 Mantouka, E. G., Vlahogianni, E. I., Papacharalampous, A. E.,Heydenrijk-Ottens, L., Shelat, S., Degeler, V., & van Lint, H. (2019).Understanding Travel Behavior through Travel Happiness. Transportation Research Record, 2673(4), 889-897.
23 Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. (2011). Residents’ satisfaction with community attributes and support for tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 35(2), 171-190.
24 No, E., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in human behavior, 50, 564-575.
25 Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H., & Xue, Y. (2006). Understanding and mitigating uncertainty in online environments: A principal-agent perspective. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 105–136.
26 Pai, C. K., Liu, Y., Kang, S., & Dai, A. (2020). The role of perceived smart tourism technology experience for tourist satisfaction, happiness and revisit intention. Sustainability, 12(16), 6592.
27 Silver, D. (1997). Interfacing American culture: The perils and potentials of virtual exhibitions.
28 Schaupp, L. C., & Bélanger, F. (2005). A conjoint analysis of online consumer satisfaction1. Journal of electronic commerce research, 6(2), 95.
29 Su, L., Huang, S., & Chen, X. (2015). Effects of service fairness and service quality on tourists’ behavioral intentions and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32 (3), 290–307.
30 Su, L., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, X. (2016). The effects of perceived service quality on repurchase intentions and subjective well being of Chinese tourists: The mediating role of relationship quality. Tourism Management, 52, 82–95.
31 Shen, S., Sotiriadis, M., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The influence of smart technologies on customer journey in tourist attractions within the smart tourism management framework. Sustainability, 12(10), 4157.
32 Ung, A., & Vong, T. N. (2010). Tourist experience of heritage tourism in Macau SAR, China. Journal of heritage tourism, 5(2), 157-168.
33 Um, T., & Chung, N. (2021). Does smart tourism technology matter? Lessons from three smart tourism cities in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 396-414.
34 Vanhove, N. (2005). Globalisation of tourism demand, global distribution systems and marketing. In Tourism in the Age of Globalisation (pp. 137-170). Routledge.
35 Vargo, D., Zhu, L., Benwell, B., & Yan, Z. (2021). Digital technology use during COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(1), 13-24.
36 Woo, E., Kim, H., & Uysal, M. (2015). Life satisfaction and support for tourism development. Annals of tourism research, 50, 84-97.
37 Weaver, D. B., & Moyle, B. D. (2019). ‘Tourist stupidity’as a basic characteristic of ‘smart tourism’: challenges for destination planning and management. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(3), 387-391.
38 Yoo, C. W., Goo, J., Huang, C. D., Nam, K., & Woo, M. (2017). Improving travel decision support satisfaction with smart tourism technologies: A framework of tourist elaboration likelihood and self-efficacy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123, 330-341.
39 Yang, X., & Zhang, L. (2022). Smart tourism technologies towards memorable experiences for museum visitors. Tourism Review, (ahead-of-print).
40 Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M., & Shen, S. (2022). Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences. Sustainability, 14(5), 3048.
41 Dong, K.C., & Yang, F.Y.. (2005). A study of tourist satisfaction measurement system in tourist attractions. Journal of Tourism, 20(1), 27-30.
42 Huang Xiang. (2014). A study on the psychological structure of tourism experience based on subjective well-being theory. Jinan Journal: Philosophy and Social Science Edition, 36(1), 104-111.
43 Huang, S. S. (2014). A review of domestic smart tourism research. Geography and Geographic Information Science, 30(002), 97-101.
44 Hu, P.. (2008). An Empirical Study of Tourist Satisfaction in Business Tourism Destinations: The Case of Xujiahui, Shanghai. Travel Science, 22(1), 29-33.
45 Su, Lujun, He, Xuehuan, & Hu, Dongbin. (2019). Progress and Implications of Research on Travelers' Subjective Well-being. Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition), 46(2), 83-92.
46 Li Shuanli. (2015). The application of digital display technology in museum exhibitions. China Museum (02), 31-41. doi:CNKI:SUN:GBWG.0.2015-02-006.
47 Wavola. (2003). Simplified customer satisfaction measurement: A guide to ISO 9001: 2000 certification. Machinery Industry Press.
48 Wang Qun, Ding Z R, Zhang Jinhe, & Yang Xingzhu. (2006). An index measurement model of tourist satisfaction in tourism environment. Geography Research, 25(1), 171-181.
49 Xing Zhanjun. Research on the development of subjective well-being scale for urban residents in China [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2003. doi:10.7666/d.y521217.
50 Yao, Guozhang. (2012). "Intelligent tourism" construction framework analysis. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science Edition), 14(2).
51 Zhang, Ling-Yun, Li, & Liu, Min. (2012). The basic concept and theoretical system of smart tourism. Journal of Tourism, 27(5), 66-73.
52 Zhang, Yafang. (2013). Research on the influence of tourism on the subjective well-being of travelers. New West: Midwestern - Theory, (3), 40-40.
53 Zhang, Jiang-Long. (2017). Research on digital display technology and virtual exhibition in museums. China Museum (04), 88-92. doi:CNKI:SUN:GBWG.0.2017-04-017.
2 Allen, L. R., and M. A. Donnelly (1985). “An Analysis of the Social Unit of Participation and the Perceived Psychological Outcomes Associated with Most Enjoyable Recreational Activities.” Leisure Studies, 7: 421-441.
3 Anthopoulos, L. G. (2015). Understanding the smart city domain: A literature review. Transforming city governments for successful smart cities, 9-21.
4 Burdea, G. C., & Coiffet, P. (2003). Virtual reality technology. John Wiley & Sons.pp. 663–664.
5 Connely, N. A. (1987). “Critical Factors and Their Threshold for Camper Satisfaction at Two Campgrounds.” Journal of Leisure Research, 19 (3): 159-73.
6 Diener, E. (2009). Subjective well-being. The science of well-being, 11-58.
7 Fielding, K. A., P. L. Pearce, and K. Hughes (1992). “Climbing Rock: Relating Visitor Motivation, Time Perception, and Enjoyment.” Journal of Tourism Studies, 3: 49-57.
8 Foo, S. (2008). Online virtual exhibitions: Concepts and design considerations. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 28(4), 22.
9 Filep, S. (2009). Tourists’happiness through the lens of positive psychology (Doctoral dissertation, James Cook University).
10 Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015). Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic markets, 25(3), 179-188.
11 Femenia-Serra, F., & Neuhofer, B. (2018). Smart tourism experiences: Conceptualisation, key dimensions and research agenda. Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research, (42), 129-150.
12 Gretzel, U. (2011). Intelligent systems in tourism: A social science perspective. Annals of tourism research, 38(3), 757-779.
13 Hergenröder, H., & Blank, R. (2009). Subjective well‐being and satisfaction with life in adults with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a randomized sample. Developmental medicine & child neurology, 51(5), 389-396.
14 Huang, C. D., Goo, J., Nam, K., & Yoo, C. W. (2017). Smart tourism technologies in travel planning: The role of exploration and exploitation. Information & Management, 54(6), 757-770.
15 Jeong, M., & Shin, H. H. (2020). Tourists’ experiences with smart tourism technology at smart destinations and their behavior intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 59(8), 1464-1477.
16 Khoon, L. C., Ramaiah, C. K., & Foo, S. (2002). The design and development of an online exhibition for heritage information awareness. In Museums and the Web.
17 Koo, C., Mendes-Filho, L., & Buhalis, D. (2019). Smart tourism and competitive advantage for stakeholders: Guest editorial. Tourism Review, 74(1), 1-4.
18 Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2019). A hedonic motivation model in virtual reality tourism: Comparing visitors and non-visitors. International Journal of Information Management, 46, 236-249.
19 Lengkeek, J. (2001). Leisure experience and imagination: Rethinking Cohen's modes of tourist experience. International sociology, 16(2), 173-184.
20 Luo, X. (2002). Uses and gratifications theory and E-consumer behaviors. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 2(2), 34–41.
21 Lee, H., Lee, J., Chung, N., & Koo, C. (2018). Tourists’ happiness: are there smart tourism technology effects?. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 486-501.
22 Mantouka, E. G., Vlahogianni, E. I., Papacharalampous, A. E.,Heydenrijk-Ottens, L., Shelat, S., Degeler, V., & van Lint, H. (2019).Understanding Travel Behavior through Travel Happiness. Transportation Research Record, 2673(4), 889-897.
23 Nunkoo, R., & Ramkissoon, H. (2011). Residents’ satisfaction with community attributes and support for tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 35(2), 171-190.
24 No, E., & Kim, J. K. (2015). Comparing the attributes of online tourism information sources. Computers in human behavior, 50, 564-575.
25 Pavlou, P. A., Liang, H., & Xue, Y. (2006). Understanding and mitigating uncertainty in online environments: A principal-agent perspective. MIS Quarterly, 31(1), 105–136.
26 Pai, C. K., Liu, Y., Kang, S., & Dai, A. (2020). The role of perceived smart tourism technology experience for tourist satisfaction, happiness and revisit intention. Sustainability, 12(16), 6592.
27 Silver, D. (1997). Interfacing American culture: The perils and potentials of virtual exhibitions.
28 Schaupp, L. C., & Bélanger, F. (2005). A conjoint analysis of online consumer satisfaction1. Journal of electronic commerce research, 6(2), 95.
29 Su, L., Huang, S., & Chen, X. (2015). Effects of service fairness and service quality on tourists’ behavioral intentions and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32 (3), 290–307.
30 Su, L., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, X. (2016). The effects of perceived service quality on repurchase intentions and subjective well being of Chinese tourists: The mediating role of relationship quality. Tourism Management, 52, 82–95.
31 Shen, S., Sotiriadis, M., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The influence of smart technologies on customer journey in tourist attractions within the smart tourism management framework. Sustainability, 12(10), 4157.
32 Ung, A., & Vong, T. N. (2010). Tourist experience of heritage tourism in Macau SAR, China. Journal of heritage tourism, 5(2), 157-168.
33 Um, T., & Chung, N. (2021). Does smart tourism technology matter? Lessons from three smart tourism cities in South Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 396-414.
34 Vanhove, N. (2005). Globalisation of tourism demand, global distribution systems and marketing. In Tourism in the Age of Globalisation (pp. 137-170). Routledge.
35 Vargo, D., Zhu, L., Benwell, B., & Yan, Z. (2021). Digital technology use during COVID‐19 pandemic: A rapid review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(1), 13-24.
36 Woo, E., Kim, H., & Uysal, M. (2015). Life satisfaction and support for tourism development. Annals of tourism research, 50, 84-97.
37 Weaver, D. B., & Moyle, B. D. (2019). ‘Tourist stupidity’as a basic characteristic of ‘smart tourism’: challenges for destination planning and management. Tourism Recreation Research, 44(3), 387-391.
38 Yoo, C. W., Goo, J., Huang, C. D., Nam, K., & Woo, M. (2017). Improving travel decision support satisfaction with smart tourism technologies: A framework of tourist elaboration likelihood and self-efficacy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 123, 330-341.
39 Yang, X., & Zhang, L. (2022). Smart tourism technologies towards memorable experiences for museum visitors. Tourism Review, (ahead-of-print).
40 Zhang, Y., Sotiriadis, M., & Shen, S. (2022). Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourists’ Experiences. Sustainability, 14(5), 3048.
41 Dong, K.C., & Yang, F.Y.. (2005). A study of tourist satisfaction measurement system in tourist attractions. Journal of Tourism, 20(1), 27-30.
42 Huang Xiang. (2014). A study on the psychological structure of tourism experience based on subjective well-being theory. Jinan Journal: Philosophy and Social Science Edition, 36(1), 104-111.
43 Huang, S. S. (2014). A review of domestic smart tourism research. Geography and Geographic Information Science, 30(002), 97-101.
44 Hu, P.. (2008). An Empirical Study of Tourist Satisfaction in Business Tourism Destinations: The Case of Xujiahui, Shanghai. Travel Science, 22(1), 29-33.
45 Su, Lujun, He, Xuehuan, & Hu, Dongbin. (2019). Progress and Implications of Research on Travelers' Subjective Well-being. Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition), 46(2), 83-92.
46 Li Shuanli. (2015). The application of digital display technology in museum exhibitions. China Museum (02), 31-41. doi:CNKI:SUN:GBWG.0.2015-02-006.
47 Wavola. (2003). Simplified customer satisfaction measurement: A guide to ISO 9001: 2000 certification. Machinery Industry Press.
48 Wang Qun, Ding Z R, Zhang Jinhe, & Yang Xingzhu. (2006). An index measurement model of tourist satisfaction in tourism environment. Geography Research, 25(1), 171-181.
49 Xing Zhanjun. Research on the development of subjective well-being scale for urban residents in China [D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2003. doi:10.7666/d.y521217.
50 Yao, Guozhang. (2012). "Intelligent tourism" construction framework analysis. Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science Edition), 14(2).
51 Zhang, Ling-Yun, Li, & Liu, Min. (2012). The basic concept and theoretical system of smart tourism. Journal of Tourism, 27(5), 66-73.
52 Zhang, Yafang. (2013). Research on the influence of tourism on the subjective well-being of travelers. New West: Midwestern - Theory, (3), 40-40.
53 Zhang, Jiang-Long. (2017). Research on digital display technology and virtual exhibition in museums. China Museum (04), 88-92. doi:CNKI:SUN:GBWG.0.2017-04-017.
