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梁颖婕
何元慶
大健康學院
應用心理學碩士學位課程
碩士
2023
良性自虐與感覺尋求和施虐傾向的關係 : 共情的調節作用
The Relationship between Benign Masochism and Sensation Seeking and Sadistic Tendency: The Moderating Role of Empathy
良性自虐 ; 感覺尋求 ; 施虐 ; 黑暗三聯征 ; 共情 ; 調節作用
Benign masochism ; sensation seeking ; sadism ; dark triad ; empathy ; regulatory effects
公開日期：23/7/2026
良性自虐是在負面經曆中獲得愉悅感的“快樂逆轉”，本質是通過 享受不適來滿足精神享樂的需要；感覺尋求是通過刺激冒險活動以追 求新鮮的體驗感。盡管在概念上兩者沒有明確的負面特征，卻有研究 表明其與消極人格相關的內核因子，與反社會特征相關聯。為了更進 一步了解上述人格特質間的關聯，本研究在於探究良性自虐和感覺尋 求的相關，以及其與施虐傾向的關系，並考察共情在其中的調節作用。 以成年人作為研究對象，采用《良性自虐活動與身體集合量表》《感 覺尋求量表》《施虐傾向類型量表》《基本移情量表》分別測量被試 的各個水平。研究結果顯示：（1）良性自虐的部分因子與感覺尋求的 部分因子存在正相關關系，與施虐傾向存在正相關關系，與共情存在 負相關關系。（2）良性自虐中的苦味自虐與厭惡自虐對施虐傾向均具 有正向預測作用，情感共情能負向調節苦味自虐與施虐傾向的關系； 認知共情能正向調節厭惡自虐與施虐傾向的關系。（3）感覺尋求對施 虐傾向同樣具有正向預測作用，共情能負向調節兩者的關系。共情及 其因子在良性自虐部分因子和感覺尋求對施虐傾向的影響中起到調 節作用。
Benign masochism is the "pleasure reversal" of a negative experience to achieve pleasure. The essence is to satisfy the need for spiritual pleasure by enjoying discomfort. Sensation seeking is the pursuit of a new sense of experience through stimulating risky activities. Although conceptually they do not have clear negative characteristics, studies have shown that they are associated with negative and dark personalities, and with antisocial traits. In order to further understand the association between these personality traits. The study is conducted to explore the negative traits of benign masochism and sensation seeking, including their relationship with the Dark Triad and sadistic tendencies, and to examine the moderating role of empathy on them. Using adults as the study subjects, the Benign Masochism Activities and Body Assembly Scale, the Sensation Seeking Scale, the Type of Abusive Tendencies Scale, the Dirty Dozen, and the Basic Empathy Scale were used to measure each level of the subjects. The results showed that (1) some factors of benign masochism and sensation seeking were positively correlated with the Dark Triad and sadistic tendency, and negatively correlated with empathy. (2) Bitter masochism and aversive masochism in benign masochism were both positive predictors of sadistic tendency, and emotional empathy negatively moderated the relationship between bitter masochism and sadistic tendency; cognitive empathy positively moderated the relationship between aversive masochism and sadistic tendency. (3) Sensation seeking also has a positive predictive effect on sadistic tendencies, and empathy negatively moderates the relationship between the two. Empathy and its factors play a moderating role in the effects of benign masochism partial factor and sensation seeking on sadistic tendencies.
2023
中文
77
致 謝 I
摘 要 III
Abstract IV
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究意義 3
1.2.1 理論意義 3
1.2.2 實踐意義 3
第二章 文獻綜述 5
2.1 相關概念 5
2.1.1 良性自虐 5
2.1.2 感覺尋求 8
2.1.3 施虐 10
2.1.4 共情 15
2.2 相關理論 12
2.3 良性自虐與感覺尋求 14
2.3.1 尋求刺激 15
2.3.2 尋求體驗 16
2.4 良性自虐與人格特質 18
2.5 良性自虐與施虐（反社會傾向)）18
2.6 施虐傾向與共情 19
2.7 研究假設 20
第三章 研究設計 25
3.1 研究對象 25
3.2 研究工具 25
3.3 統計方法 27
第四章 研究結果 28
4.1 共同方法偏差檢驗 28
4.2 相關分析 28
4.2.1 整體變量相關分析 28
4.2.2 良性自虐因子與其他變量因子相關分析 29
4.2.3 其他變量因子相關分析 30
4.3 回歸分析 31
4.3.1 模型 1 回歸分析 31
4.3.2 模型 2 回歸分析 34
第五章 分析與討論 37
5.1 良性自虐、感覺尋求與施虐的關系 37
5.2 共情對良性自虐和施虐傾向關系的調節作用 43
5.3 共情對感覺尋求和施虐傾向關系的調節作用 47
第六章 總結 50
6.1 結論 50
6.2 研究啟示 50
參考文獻 53
作者簡曆 65
附 錄 66
附錄一：良性自虐活動與狀態集合 66
附錄二：感覺尋求問卷 69
附錄三：施虐傾向類型量表 75
附錄四：基本共情量表 76
摘 要 III
Abstract IV
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究意義 3
1.2.1 理論意義 3
1.2.2 實踐意義 3
第二章 文獻綜述 5
2.1 相關概念 5
2.1.1 良性自虐 5
2.1.2 感覺尋求 8
2.1.3 施虐 10
2.1.4 共情 15
2.2 相關理論 12
2.3 良性自虐與感覺尋求 14
2.3.1 尋求刺激 15
2.3.2 尋求體驗 16
2.4 良性自虐與人格特質 18
2.5 良性自虐與施虐（反社會傾向)）18
2.6 施虐傾向與共情 19
2.7 研究假設 20
第三章 研究設計 25
3.1 研究對象 25
3.2 研究工具 25
3.3 統計方法 27
第四章 研究結果 28
4.1 共同方法偏差檢驗 28
4.2 相關分析 28
4.2.1 整體變量相關分析 28
4.2.2 良性自虐因子與其他變量因子相關分析 29
4.2.3 其他變量因子相關分析 30
4.3 回歸分析 31
4.3.1 模型 1 回歸分析 31
4.3.2 模型 2 回歸分析 34
第五章 分析與討論 37
5.1 良性自虐、感覺尋求與施虐的關系 37
5.2 共情對良性自虐和施虐傾向關系的調節作用 43
5.3 共情對感覺尋求和施虐傾向關系的調節作用 47
第六章 總結 50
6.1 結論 50
6.2 研究啟示 50
參考文獻 53
作者簡曆 65
附 錄 66
附錄一：良性自虐活動與狀態集合 66
附錄二：感覺尋求問卷 69
附錄三：施虐傾向類型量表 75
附錄四：基本共情量表 76
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