本校學位論文庫
CITYU Theses & Dissertations
論文詳情
王雪逸
王心
國際旅遊與管理學院
國際旅遊管理博士學位課程(中文學制)
博士
2023
閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗., 旅遊滿意度與 女性主觀幸福感關係研究
Female luxury travel experience on women subjective well-being: A mediating effect of satisfaction with girlfriend getaway travel
奢侈旅遊 ; 閨蜜旅遊 ; 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗 ; 旅遊滿意度 ; 主觀幸福感 ; 澳門
Luxury travel ; Girlfriend getaway ; Girlfriend Getaway luxury experience ; Travel satisfaction; Subjective well-being ; Macao
公開日期：25/9/2026
閨蜜旅遊是近年來全球女性廣受歡迎的旅遊方式之一。隨著全球女性地位的提升，女性出遊力不斷增強，女性通過閨蜜旅行逃離日常瑣事、與親密朋友相聚、交談和分享，一起奢侈購物、享受休閒。由於此種旅遊形式能夠為疫後旅遊目的地市場帶來的巨大紅利，目的地需要格外重視這一新興市場。從現有文獻來看，部分旅遊目的地行銷部門已經根據閨蜜奢侈旅遊市場特徵推出一定的產品，多數將閨蜜作為宣傳噱頭，在產品內容方面鮮有突破。這是因爲目的地並沒有充分挖掘閨蜜出遊的旅遊躰驗需求，沒有從根本上研究閨蜜奢侈旅遊躰驗如何為女性帶來的幸福感。
基於此，本研究基於溢出理論框架和旅遊幸福感理論，探討女性與閨蜜的奢侈旅遊體驗及其對旅遊滿意度和主觀幸福感的影響，研究不同女性奢侈遊客群體的影響路徑差異。本研究從先前的研究中剝離出女性在閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗中的五個維度（逃避現實、幸福、奢侈休閒、個人豐富和聯繫感），並採用結構方程模型(SEM)進行測試和估計五個維度與旅行滿意度和女性主觀幸福感之間的因果關係。具體內容如下：
首先，本研究基於對以往文獻分析基礎上，構建了研究的理論模型；其次，在研究案例地——奢侈旅遊目的地澳門，運用紙質和問卷星兩種形式，採用基於抽樣框的系統抽樣方法，收集了169份有效問卷進行了預調研，根據資料結果淨化測量量表，進而對問卷進行修正而形成了本研究正式調研問卷。最後，正式調研採用綫下方式發放問卷，問卷發放針對來澳門旅遊且過夜的閨蜜群體進行調研，共收集有效問卷445份，利用SPSS 23.0和Smart PLS3.3.9軟件對測量模型和結構模型進行分析和檢驗。
本研究結果支持了十一個假設中的八個，同時也驗證了根據假設所構建的結構模型的合理性。對澳門445名女性旅客的系統調查結果表明，除逃避現實和個人豐富感外的所有維度均顯著影響滿意度，除奢侈休閒外的所有維度均顯著影響主觀幸福感。閨蜜旅行滿意度在愉悅感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起部分仲介作用；閨蜜旅行滿意度在奢侈休閒感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起完全仲介作用；閨蜜旅行滿意度在聯繫感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起部分仲介作用。此外，本研究採用PLS-MGA比較了三個不同組別對女性奢侈旅行體驗、閨蜜旅行滿意度和主觀幸福感之間關係的敏感性。單身群體和已婚群體之間存在一條路徑差異；低收入和高收入群體之間存在四個路徑差異；花費額較少的和花費額較高的組之間存在三條路徑差異。這些結果表明，不同人口特徵的女性都在尋找閨蜜奢侈旅行體驗的不同方面，而這種旅行形式卻可以滿足所有女性前往目的地的各種需求。
本研究通過確定女性在奢侈旅遊中尋求的體驗，為閨蜜旅遊研究做出了理論貢獻。第一，在閨蜜旅遊體驗理論基礎之上，進一步完善了閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗維度，豐富了閨蜜旅遊體驗的研究成果。第二，進一步完善旅遊領域的溢出理論，從閨蜜旅遊體驗出發，研究旅遊滿意度和主觀幸福感，豐富了女性主觀幸福感理論的內延和外涵，打開了對女性旅遊者幸福感研究的視角。
本研究通過瞭解不同女性群體對閨蜜奢侈旅遊的需求，對旅遊目的地管理和行銷做出了啟示。一方面，目的地管理和營銷者應該制定合適的目的地行銷策略，例如在官方網站、社交媒體和app上提供有閨蜜旅遊特徵的針對性宣傳視頻。另一方面，目的地企業如酒店、旅行社、餐飲以及醫美行業應當針對閨蜜奢侈旅遊特徵，為閨蜜度假遊客提供適宜她們的產品。此外，目的地應當有側重的包裝自身的旅遊產品，調整產品方案，針對市場偏好去行銷和打造有特色的旅遊產品滿足遊客需求。
基於此，本研究基於溢出理論框架和旅遊幸福感理論，探討女性與閨蜜的奢侈旅遊體驗及其對旅遊滿意度和主觀幸福感的影響，研究不同女性奢侈遊客群體的影響路徑差異。本研究從先前的研究中剝離出女性在閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗中的五個維度（逃避現實、幸福、奢侈休閒、個人豐富和聯繫感），並採用結構方程模型(SEM)進行測試和估計五個維度與旅行滿意度和女性主觀幸福感之間的因果關係。具體內容如下：
首先，本研究基於對以往文獻分析基礎上，構建了研究的理論模型；其次，在研究案例地——奢侈旅遊目的地澳門，運用紙質和問卷星兩種形式，採用基於抽樣框的系統抽樣方法，收集了169份有效問卷進行了預調研，根據資料結果淨化測量量表，進而對問卷進行修正而形成了本研究正式調研問卷。最後，正式調研採用綫下方式發放問卷，問卷發放針對來澳門旅遊且過夜的閨蜜群體進行調研，共收集有效問卷445份，利用SPSS 23.0和Smart PLS3.3.9軟件對測量模型和結構模型進行分析和檢驗。
本研究結果支持了十一個假設中的八個，同時也驗證了根據假設所構建的結構模型的合理性。對澳門445名女性旅客的系統調查結果表明，除逃避現實和個人豐富感外的所有維度均顯著影響滿意度，除奢侈休閒外的所有維度均顯著影響主觀幸福感。閨蜜旅行滿意度在愉悅感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起部分仲介作用；閨蜜旅行滿意度在奢侈休閒感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起完全仲介作用；閨蜜旅行滿意度在聯繫感與主觀幸福感之間的關係中起部分仲介作用。此外，本研究採用PLS-MGA比較了三個不同組別對女性奢侈旅行體驗、閨蜜旅行滿意度和主觀幸福感之間關係的敏感性。單身群體和已婚群體之間存在一條路徑差異；低收入和高收入群體之間存在四個路徑差異；花費額較少的和花費額較高的組之間存在三條路徑差異。這些結果表明，不同人口特徵的女性都在尋找閨蜜奢侈旅行體驗的不同方面，而這種旅行形式卻可以滿足所有女性前往目的地的各種需求。
本研究通過確定女性在奢侈旅遊中尋求的體驗，為閨蜜旅遊研究做出了理論貢獻。第一，在閨蜜旅遊體驗理論基礎之上，進一步完善了閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗維度，豐富了閨蜜旅遊體驗的研究成果。第二，進一步完善旅遊領域的溢出理論，從閨蜜旅遊體驗出發，研究旅遊滿意度和主觀幸福感，豐富了女性主觀幸福感理論的內延和外涵，打開了對女性旅遊者幸福感研究的視角。
本研究通過瞭解不同女性群體對閨蜜奢侈旅遊的需求，對旅遊目的地管理和行銷做出了啟示。一方面，目的地管理和營銷者應該制定合適的目的地行銷策略，例如在官方網站、社交媒體和app上提供有閨蜜旅遊特徵的針對性宣傳視頻。另一方面，目的地企業如酒店、旅行社、餐飲以及醫美行業應當針對閨蜜奢侈旅遊特徵，為閨蜜度假遊客提供適宜她們的產品。此外，目的地應當有側重的包裝自身的旅遊產品，調整產品方案，針對市場偏好去行銷和打造有特色的旅遊產品滿足遊客需求。
Girlfriend Getaway (GGA) is one of the most popular forms of travel for females around the world in recent years. Women escape daily chores through girlfriends travel, where they gather, talk and share with close friends, shop luxuriously and enjoy leisure time together. Due to the huge dividends that this form of tourism can bring to the post-epidemic tourism destination market, destinations need to pay special attention to this emerging market. Judging from the existing literature, the marketing departments of some tourist destinations have launched certain products according to the characteristics of the girlfriend getaway (GGA) luxury tourism market. Most of them use GGA as a publicity gimmick with few breakthroughs in product content. This is because the destination has not fully explored the travel experience needs of GGA travel, and has not fundamentally studied how the luxury travel experience of GGA travel can bring happiness to women.
Based on the spillover theoretical framework and tourism well-being theory, this study explores the luxury tourism experience of women and girlfriends and its impact on tourism satisfaction and subjective well-being, and studies the differences in the impact paths of different female luxury tourist groups. This study extracted five dimensions (escapism, happiness, luxury leisure, personal enrichment, and sense of connection) of women's girlfriends' luxury travel experience from previous research, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test and estimate the causal relationship between dimensions and travel satisfaction and female subjective well-being. The specific content is as follows:
First of all, this study builds a theoretical model based on the analysis of previous literature; Secondly, the researcher used the two forms of paper and questionnaire star in the study case - Macau, a luxury tourist destination, and adopted a systematic sampling method based on the sampling frame to collect 169 valid questionnaires for pre-test. The questionnaire was modified to form the formal survey questionnaire of this study. Finally, the official survey used offline questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire distribution was conducted for GGAs who came to Macau for tourism and stayed overnight. Finally, the official survey used offline questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire distribution was conducted for the group of girlfriends who came to Macau for tourism and stayed overnight. A total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected, and the measurement model and structural model were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Smart PLS3.3.9 software
The results of this study support eight of the eleven hypotheses, and also verify the rationality of the structural model constructed based on the hypotheses. The systematic survey of 445 female tourists in Macau show that all dimensions except escapism and personal enrichment significantly affect satisfaction, and all dimensions except luxurious leisureliness significantly affect subjective well-being. GGA travel satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between happiness and subjective well-being; GGA travel satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between luxury leisure and subjective well-being; and GGA travel satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between sense of connection and subjective well-being. In addition, this study use PLS-MGA to compare the sensitivity of three different groups to the relationship between women's luxury travel experience, GGAs' travel satisfaction, and subjective well-being. There were one path differences between the single group and the married group; four path differences between the low- and high-income groups; and three path difference between the less-spending and more-spending groups. These results suggest that women across demographics are looking for different aspects of the girlfriends luxury travel experience, and that this type of travel can meet the diverse needs of all women traveling to their destinations.
This study makes a theoretical contribution to girlfriend travel research by identifying the experiences women seek in luxury travel. First, based on travel experience theory, it further improves the dimension of GGA luxury travel experience and enriches the research results of GGA travel experience. Second, it further improves the spillover theory in the field of tourism and studies tourism satisfaction and subjective well-being from the travel experience of GGA, which enriches the connotation of the theory female subjective well-being and opens up the academical understanding of female tourism.
This study has implications for tourism destination management and marketing by understanding the needs of different female groups for GGA luxury travel. On the one hand, destination management and marketers should formulate appropriate destination marketing strategies, such as providing targeted promotional videos with girlfriend travel characteristics on official websites, social media and apps. On the other hand, destination companies such as hotels, travel agencies, catering, and the medical beauty industry should provide GGAs with products suitable for them according to the characteristics of luxury travel for girlfriends. In addition, destinations should focus on packaging their own tourism products, adjust product plans, market and create distinctive tourism products according to market preferences to meet tourists' needs.
Based on the spillover theoretical framework and tourism well-being theory, this study explores the luxury tourism experience of women and girlfriends and its impact on tourism satisfaction and subjective well-being, and studies the differences in the impact paths of different female luxury tourist groups. This study extracted five dimensions (escapism, happiness, luxury leisure, personal enrichment, and sense of connection) of women's girlfriends' luxury travel experience from previous research, and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test and estimate the causal relationship between dimensions and travel satisfaction and female subjective well-being. The specific content is as follows:
First of all, this study builds a theoretical model based on the analysis of previous literature; Secondly, the researcher used the two forms of paper and questionnaire star in the study case - Macau, a luxury tourist destination, and adopted a systematic sampling method based on the sampling frame to collect 169 valid questionnaires for pre-test. The questionnaire was modified to form the formal survey questionnaire of this study. Finally, the official survey used offline questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire distribution was conducted for GGAs who came to Macau for tourism and stayed overnight. Finally, the official survey used offline questionnaire distribution. The questionnaire distribution was conducted for the group of girlfriends who came to Macau for tourism and stayed overnight. A total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected, and the measurement model and structural model were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and Smart PLS3.3.9 software
The results of this study support eight of the eleven hypotheses, and also verify the rationality of the structural model constructed based on the hypotheses. The systematic survey of 445 female tourists in Macau show that all dimensions except escapism and personal enrichment significantly affect satisfaction, and all dimensions except luxurious leisureliness significantly affect subjective well-being. GGA travel satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between happiness and subjective well-being; GGA travel satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between luxury leisure and subjective well-being; and GGA travel satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between sense of connection and subjective well-being. In addition, this study use PLS-MGA to compare the sensitivity of three different groups to the relationship between women's luxury travel experience, GGAs' travel satisfaction, and subjective well-being. There were one path differences between the single group and the married group; four path differences between the low- and high-income groups; and three path difference between the less-spending and more-spending groups. These results suggest that women across demographics are looking for different aspects of the girlfriends luxury travel experience, and that this type of travel can meet the diverse needs of all women traveling to their destinations.
This study makes a theoretical contribution to girlfriend travel research by identifying the experiences women seek in luxury travel. First, based on travel experience theory, it further improves the dimension of GGA luxury travel experience and enriches the research results of GGA travel experience. Second, it further improves the spillover theory in the field of tourism and studies tourism satisfaction and subjective well-being from the travel experience of GGA, which enriches the connotation of the theory female subjective well-being and opens up the academical understanding of female tourism.
This study has implications for tourism destination management and marketing by understanding the needs of different female groups for GGA luxury travel. On the one hand, destination management and marketers should formulate appropriate destination marketing strategies, such as providing targeted promotional videos with girlfriend travel characteristics on official websites, social media and apps. On the other hand, destination companies such as hotels, travel agencies, catering, and the medical beauty industry should provide GGAs with products suitable for them according to the characteristics of luxury travel for girlfriends. In addition, destinations should focus on packaging their own tourism products, adjust product plans, market and create distinctive tourism products according to market preferences to meet tourists' needs.
2023
中文
132
致 謝 I
摘 要 III
Abstract VI
圖目錄 XIV
表目錄 XV
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1現實背景 1
1.1.2理論背景 4
1.1.3已有研究中的不足 7
1.2問題的提出 8
1.3研究目的和目標 9
1.3.1研究目的 9
1.3.2研究目標 9
1.4研究意義 10
1.4.1理論意義 10
1.4.2現實意義 10
1.5研究方法、研究內容和技術路線 12
1.5.1研究方法 12
1.5.2研究內容 13
1.5.2研究思路與技術路線 14
1.6研究創新和局限 15
1.6.1研究創新 15
1.6.2研究局限 16
1.7本章小結 17
第二章 相關概念界定及文獻綜述 18
2.1閨蜜旅遊 18
2.1.1閨蜜旅遊概念的內涵和外延 18
2.1.2閨蜜旅遊的國內外研究進展 20
2.1.3 研究述評 27
2.2 奢侈旅遊 28
2.2.1 奢侈旅遊概念的內涵和外延 28
2.2.2 奢侈旅遊的國內外研究進展 30
2.1.3研究述評 32
2.3 旅遊滿意度理論 33
2.3.1 旅遊滿意度內涵及研究進展 33
2.3.2 旅遊滿意度的相關測量模型 35
2.3.3 研究述評 38
2.4 主觀幸福感與溢出理論 39
2.4.1 主觀幸福感的內涵及研究進展 39
2.4.2 主觀幸福感的相關測量模型 42
2.4.3溢出理論框架 44
2.4.4 研究述評 45
2.5 各變數關係探討和研究模型構建 46
2.5.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與旅遊滿意度 46
2.5.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與主觀幸福感 47
2.5.3旅行滿意度與主觀幸福感 49
2.5.4 旅行滿意度的仲介效應 49
2.6 本章小結 50
第三章 研究方法 51
3.1 案例地概況及研究對象 51
3.1.2案例地概況 51
3.1.3研究對象 51
3.2 預調研 52
3.2.1預調研問卷設計 52
3.2.2預調研量表選擇 53
3.2.3預調研小規模訪談 56
3.2.4 預調研樣本收集 57
3.3 預調研檢驗 57
3.3.1 人口統計分析 58
3.3.2 項目分析 59
3.3.3 效度分析 63
3.3.4 信度分析 66
3.4正式調研 69
3.4.1 抽樣方法 70
3.4.2樣本收集與篩選清理 71
3.5本章小結 71
第四章 實證分析 72
4.1 描述性統計分析 72
4.1.1 樣本的人口統計學特徵分析 72
4.1.2 樣本變數的描述性統計分析 73
4.2 共同方法差異檢驗 75
4.3 PLS模型結果分析 77
4.3.1 測量模型外部評估 77
4.3.2 結構模型內部檢驗 80
4.3.3 PLS-MGA多組分析 84
4.4 方差分析 88
4.4.1 年齡差異性 88
4.4.2 婚姻狀況差異性 89
4.4.3 受教育程度差異性 90
4.4.4 個人收入差異性 90
4.4.5 旅行花銷差異性 91
4.4.6 來澳門次數差異性 92
4.5 多元線性回歸分析 93
4.5.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與旅行滿意度的多元回歸 93
4.5.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與主觀幸福感的多元回歸 94
4.6 本章小結 95
第五章 討論與總結 96
5.1 研究結果的討論 96
5.1.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗對旅行滿意度的影響 96
5.1.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗對主觀幸福感的影響 97
5.1.3閨蜜旅行滿意度對主觀幸福感的影響 97
5.1.4 旅行滿意度的仲介效應 98
5.1.5多組分析的結果討論 98
5.1.6方差分析結果的討論 99
5.2 研究結論 100
5.3 理論貢獻 102
5.3 現實意義 103
5.4 研究局限和未來研究方向 105
5.5 本章小結 106
參考文獻 107
作者簡歷 129
附 録 130
圖目錄
圖 1 研究思路和技術路線圖 15
圖 2 旅遊·閨蜜旅遊·奢侈旅遊·閨蜜奢侈旅遊關係圖 33
圖 3 溢出理論與本研究關係圖 45
圖 4 研究模型與假設 50
圖 5 PLS-SEM結果分析圖 83
表目錄
表 1 閨蜜旅遊主要學者研究匯總 22
表 2 旅行滿意度測量方法匯總表 35
表 3 旅行滿意度的前因變數 36
表 4 不同學派對幸福感的定義 39
表 5 主觀幸福感維度和測量的不同流派 42
表 6 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗測量題項 53
表 7 旅遊滿意度測量題項 54
表 8 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗測量題項 54
表 9 預調研人口統計資料分析(n=169) 57
表 10 主觀幸福感(SWB)項目分析結果 58
表 11 閨蜜旅遊滿意度(TS)項目分析結果 59
表 12 逃避感(E)項目分析結果 59
表 13 個人豐富感(PE)項目分析結果 60
表 14 奢侈休閒感(LL)項目分析結果 60
表 15 愉悅感(H)項目分析結果 61
表 16 連接感(SC)項目分析結果 61
表 17 預調研單個變量EFA 檢驗結果(N=169) 62
表 18 預調研探索式因素分析結果 63
表 19 總方差解釋表 64
表 20 主觀幸福感(SWB)信度檢驗結果 65
表 21 旅行滿意度(TS)信度檢驗結果 66
表 22 閨蜜旅行體驗之逃避感(E)信度檢驗結果 66
表 23 閨蜜旅行體驗之個人豐富感(PE)信度檢驗結果 66
表 24 閨蜜旅行體驗之休閒感(L)信度檢驗結果 67
表 25 閨蜜旅行體驗之愉悅感(H)信度檢驗結果 67
表 26 閨蜜旅行體驗之連接感(SC)信度檢驗結果 68
表 27 樣本人口統計學特徵分析 (n=445) 72
表 28 平均值, 標準差, 峰度, 偏度 73
表 29 Harman單因素法檢驗結果 75
表 30 正式樣本信度組和信度分析 76
表 31 區別效度(Discriminant validity) 78
表 32 因數負荷量 78
表 33 研究假設 79
表 34 R方分析結果 80
表 35 仲介效應分析 82
表 36 研究假設檢測結果 82
表 37 PLS-MICOM 分析結果 84
表 38 PLS-MGA 分析結果 84
表 39 不同年齡的方差分析結果 86
表 40 婚姻狀況在各變量上的方差分析結果 87
表 41 不同收入的方差分析結果 88
表 42 女性個人收入差異性的方差分析結果 89
表 43 在澳門不同花銷的方差分析結果 90
表 44 來澳門次數的方差分析結果 91
表 45 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與閨蜜旅行滿意度的多元回歸分析 92
表 46 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與女性主觀幸福感的多元回歸分析 92
摘 要 III
Abstract VI
圖目錄 XIV
表目錄 XV
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1現實背景 1
1.1.2理論背景 4
1.1.3已有研究中的不足 7
1.2問題的提出 8
1.3研究目的和目標 9
1.3.1研究目的 9
1.3.2研究目標 9
1.4研究意義 10
1.4.1理論意義 10
1.4.2現實意義 10
1.5研究方法、研究內容和技術路線 12
1.5.1研究方法 12
1.5.2研究內容 13
1.5.2研究思路與技術路線 14
1.6研究創新和局限 15
1.6.1研究創新 15
1.6.2研究局限 16
1.7本章小結 17
第二章 相關概念界定及文獻綜述 18
2.1閨蜜旅遊 18
2.1.1閨蜜旅遊概念的內涵和外延 18
2.1.2閨蜜旅遊的國內外研究進展 20
2.1.3 研究述評 27
2.2 奢侈旅遊 28
2.2.1 奢侈旅遊概念的內涵和外延 28
2.2.2 奢侈旅遊的國內外研究進展 30
2.1.3研究述評 32
2.3 旅遊滿意度理論 33
2.3.1 旅遊滿意度內涵及研究進展 33
2.3.2 旅遊滿意度的相關測量模型 35
2.3.3 研究述評 38
2.4 主觀幸福感與溢出理論 39
2.4.1 主觀幸福感的內涵及研究進展 39
2.4.2 主觀幸福感的相關測量模型 42
2.4.3溢出理論框架 44
2.4.4 研究述評 45
2.5 各變數關係探討和研究模型構建 46
2.5.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與旅遊滿意度 46
2.5.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與主觀幸福感 47
2.5.3旅行滿意度與主觀幸福感 49
2.5.4 旅行滿意度的仲介效應 49
2.6 本章小結 50
第三章 研究方法 51
3.1 案例地概況及研究對象 51
3.1.2案例地概況 51
3.1.3研究對象 51
3.2 預調研 52
3.2.1預調研問卷設計 52
3.2.2預調研量表選擇 53
3.2.3預調研小規模訪談 56
3.2.4 預調研樣本收集 57
3.3 預調研檢驗 57
3.3.1 人口統計分析 58
3.3.2 項目分析 59
3.3.3 效度分析 63
3.3.4 信度分析 66
3.4正式調研 69
3.4.1 抽樣方法 70
3.4.2樣本收集與篩選清理 71
3.5本章小結 71
第四章 實證分析 72
4.1 描述性統計分析 72
4.1.1 樣本的人口統計學特徵分析 72
4.1.2 樣本變數的描述性統計分析 73
4.2 共同方法差異檢驗 75
4.3 PLS模型結果分析 77
4.3.1 測量模型外部評估 77
4.3.2 結構模型內部檢驗 80
4.3.3 PLS-MGA多組分析 84
4.4 方差分析 88
4.4.1 年齡差異性 88
4.4.2 婚姻狀況差異性 89
4.4.3 受教育程度差異性 90
4.4.4 個人收入差異性 90
4.4.5 旅行花銷差異性 91
4.4.6 來澳門次數差異性 92
4.5 多元線性回歸分析 93
4.5.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與旅行滿意度的多元回歸 93
4.5.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與主觀幸福感的多元回歸 94
4.6 本章小結 95
第五章 討論與總結 96
5.1 研究結果的討論 96
5.1.1閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗對旅行滿意度的影響 96
5.1.2閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗對主觀幸福感的影響 97
5.1.3閨蜜旅行滿意度對主觀幸福感的影響 97
5.1.4 旅行滿意度的仲介效應 98
5.1.5多組分析的結果討論 98
5.1.6方差分析結果的討論 99
5.2 研究結論 100
5.3 理論貢獻 102
5.3 現實意義 103
5.4 研究局限和未來研究方向 105
5.5 本章小結 106
參考文獻 107
作者簡歷 129
附 録 130
圖目錄
圖 1 研究思路和技術路線圖 15
圖 2 旅遊·閨蜜旅遊·奢侈旅遊·閨蜜奢侈旅遊關係圖 33
圖 3 溢出理論與本研究關係圖 45
圖 4 研究模型與假設 50
圖 5 PLS-SEM結果分析圖 83
表目錄
表 1 閨蜜旅遊主要學者研究匯總 22
表 2 旅行滿意度測量方法匯總表 35
表 3 旅行滿意度的前因變數 36
表 4 不同學派對幸福感的定義 39
表 5 主觀幸福感維度和測量的不同流派 42
表 6 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗測量題項 53
表 7 旅遊滿意度測量題項 54
表 8 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗測量題項 54
表 9 預調研人口統計資料分析(n=169) 57
表 10 主觀幸福感(SWB)項目分析結果 58
表 11 閨蜜旅遊滿意度(TS)項目分析結果 59
表 12 逃避感(E)項目分析結果 59
表 13 個人豐富感(PE)項目分析結果 60
表 14 奢侈休閒感(LL)項目分析結果 60
表 15 愉悅感(H)項目分析結果 61
表 16 連接感(SC)項目分析結果 61
表 17 預調研單個變量EFA 檢驗結果(N=169) 62
表 18 預調研探索式因素分析結果 63
表 19 總方差解釋表 64
表 20 主觀幸福感(SWB)信度檢驗結果 65
表 21 旅行滿意度(TS)信度檢驗結果 66
表 22 閨蜜旅行體驗之逃避感(E)信度檢驗結果 66
表 23 閨蜜旅行體驗之個人豐富感(PE)信度檢驗結果 66
表 24 閨蜜旅行體驗之休閒感(L)信度檢驗結果 67
表 25 閨蜜旅行體驗之愉悅感(H)信度檢驗結果 67
表 26 閨蜜旅行體驗之連接感(SC)信度檢驗結果 68
表 27 樣本人口統計學特徵分析 (n=445) 72
表 28 平均值, 標準差, 峰度, 偏度 73
表 29 Harman單因素法檢驗結果 75
表 30 正式樣本信度組和信度分析 76
表 31 區別效度(Discriminant validity) 78
表 32 因數負荷量 78
表 33 研究假設 79
表 34 R方分析結果 80
表 35 仲介效應分析 82
表 36 研究假設檢測結果 82
表 37 PLS-MICOM 分析結果 84
表 38 PLS-MGA 分析結果 84
表 39 不同年齡的方差分析結果 86
表 40 婚姻狀況在各變量上的方差分析結果 87
表 41 不同收入的方差分析結果 88
表 42 女性個人收入差異性的方差分析結果 89
表 43 在澳門不同花銷的方差分析結果 90
表 44 來澳門次數的方差分析結果 91
表 45 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與閨蜜旅行滿意度的多元回歸分析 92
表 46 閨蜜奢侈旅遊體驗與女性主觀幸福感的多元回歸分析 92
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