With the opening of China's economic door, China's economic and social development has entered a new era. Especially after entering the 2000s, China has continued to promote capital market reforms, the optimization of national economic allocation and structural settlement, the high-quality development of the private economy, and the establishment of the market system. Enterprises face more and more pressure of internal and external competitions. Especially in recent years, the global trade and investment are slowing under the U.S. economic recession, a rise in gold prices and geopolitical conflicts. At the same time, financial crisis events are endless in China’s capital market. The impact of the financial crisis on investors, creditors, securities regulators, and government is enormous, and the losses is immeasurable.
Tracing back the history, we can clearly realize that financial crisis has a huge impact on the operation of enterprises, the stability of the financial market, and even the national and global economic security. If the enterprises’ future financial trend could be predicted, managers, investors, creditors, government, and other stockholders could get warnings in advance. Stakeholders can reduce and avoid risks. Management can make management policies and control on crisis. Early warning will play a crucial role on survival and development of enterprise itself, stability of the capital market, and protection of social security. Financial early warning research has become one of the popular concerned topics for enterprises and stockholders. In addition, it is a hot research topic among scholars at home and abroad.
From the perspective of enterprise development, the enterprise financial crisis is not a sudden or instantaneous outbreak. The happening of crisis is often a gradual process. The financial positions of enterprises are constantly changing over time and in response to changing circumstances. Enterprises at different stages of development have different financial characteristics. The causes and influencing factors of financial crisis are different. It’s obviously not accurate enough to build the financial warning model with the same factors system.
From the perspective of enterprise’s life cycle, to establish scientific and effective financial early warning prediction models at different development stage. Based on the enterprise life cycle theory, the enterprise samples are divided into three stages: growth stage, maturity stage and decline stage in this study. This study builds Growth PCA-Cox model, Maturity PCA-Cox model, Decline PCA-Cox model, and Whole-Lifecycle PCA-Cox model, respectively. To compare the empirical analysis results, this study builds Logistic warning models and BP neural network warning models as well. After comparison and analysis, this study has explored that the Logistic regression model is not suitable for period-based early warning research, and the BP neural network model has the lowest mis-positive rate in each stage, but the first error rate is high. Cox model has the lowest first error rate and it is very suitable for period-based financial early warning research.
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