本校學位論文庫
CITYU Theses & Dissertations
論文詳情
徐晓齐
胡海建
國際旅遊與管理學院
國際旅遊管理博士學位課程(英文學制)
博士
2024
文化旅遊下敬畏感對文化認知, 主觀幸福感和遊客忠誠度的影響研究 : 以廣東四大名寺為例
Research on How Awe Affects Cultural Cognition, Subjective Well-Being, and Tourist Loyalty in Cultural Tourism : Evidence from Four Famous Temples in Guangdong
敬畏感 ; 文化認知 ; 主觀幸福感 ; 遊客忠誠度 ; 文化旅遊
Awe ; Cultural Cognition ; Subjective Well-being ; Tourist Loyalty ; Cultural Tourism
公開日期：22/7/2027
文化旅遊是旅遊業中迅速擴展的領域，給遊客帶來多種好處。它不僅提升了旅遊目的地在遊客心目中的吸引力，還為遊客提供了一種精神慰藉和壓力緩解。不僅如此，文化旅遊還增加了遊客對其旅遊體驗高度滿意的可能性，让他們甚至會考慮再次到訪或向他人推薦。從旅遊業者的角度來看，文化旅遊還能增加稅收、創造替代性工作機會，並推動當地企業的發展，從而在促進地區經濟方面發揮關鍵作用。這可以通過激增的遊客到訪、延長的遊客季節以及增加遊客逗留期間的消費。敬畏感包含一種超越自我的感覺，有可能增強一個人的連結感。雖然先前的研究已指出敬畏與忠誠度之間的某些連結機制，但研究重點主要在於旅遊目的地的客觀方面，而忽略了忠誠度的各方面可能受到敬畏的影響。目前，還沒有證據顯示文化認知被視為這種關係的潛在角度。此外，觀光客的主觀幸福感對他們對旅遊目的地的認同以及未來的旅遊意願也有不可預測的影響。為了解決這些尚未解決的問題，本論文以情感的評價理論為基礎，研究在不同的敬畏環境中，敬畏如何影響遊客的忠誠度。本論文擬達成三個目標：(1)研究敬畏感不同特質的影響；(2)測試文化認知與主觀幸福感對旅客忠誠度的調節效應；(3)檢視旅客主觀幸福感與內隱敬畏感對旅客忠誠度的影響。本研究採用嚴謹的量化方法，並客製化現有文獻中既有的問卷，確保問卷符合本論文的特定情境。由五位專家組成的小組進行了徹底的審查，以評估並完善初始量表，隨後進行了試點測試，以確認量表的清晰度和有效性。資料的收集方式為調查法，採用配額制的方式，訪談遊覽各寺廟的遊客。共邀請480個樣本，保留352個有效回覆，使用SPSS和SMARTPLS等的統計工具進行分析。分析內容包括描述性統計、信度與效度測試、因數分析、PLS多元迴歸等全方位的統計技術，確保能對資料進行健全且深入的檢驗。PLS-SEM結果得出自然環境與宗教文化是觀光客敬畏感的顯著預測因子。此外，本論文支持敬畏可以影響文化認知、主觀幸福感和觀光者忠誠度的觀點。此外，文化認知會影響主觀幸福感，並直接和間接影響觀光客的忠誠度。本論文擴展了先前的研究，在多方面的旅遊經驗中檢視敬畏感，而不只是專注於旅遊活動中敬畏感的正面結果。本論文探討觀光客在參觀寺廟時如何體驗到不同的敬畏感，以及參觀寺廟的各個面向如何促成敬畏感的體驗。本論文還強調了自然環境和歷史文化作為喚起敬畏的因素所扮演的角色，以及它們對遊客忠誠度的影響。它建議當地旅遊從業與寺廟管理者可以利用這些與敬畏相關的變數，透過創造誘發情感的氛圍，並結合氛圍設計與佈局，來提升遊客的敬畏經驗、文化認知與主觀幸福感，以建立遊客忠誠度。建議定期評估各項措施，以防止設施與服務水準下降，進而影響觀光客的忠誠度。最後，本論文強調了培養正面情緒（例如敬畏）在影響遊客認知和心理健康方面的重要性，從而增加遊客的重遊意願和對寺廟的好感。利用社交媒體平台擴大行銷活動，在個人參觀寺廟時喚起正面情緒。此外，與其他旅遊景點建立合作關係，可進一步鞏固遊客的忠誠度。
Cultural tourism is a rapidly expanding sector within the tourism industry, offering a wide range of benefits for tourists. It not only elevates the appeal of destinations in the eyes of tourists, but also provides them with a sense of spiritual solace and relief from stress. Consequently, it increases the likelihood of tourists being highly satisfied with their travel experiences, and they may even contemplate returning or recommending to others. From the perspective of tourism operators, cultural tourism also plays a pivotal role in bolstering the regional economy by increasing tax incomes, creating alternative jobs, and driving the growth of local business. This is accomplished through a surge in tourist arrivals, an extended tourist season, and greater expenditures during their stay.Awe, which involves a sense of transcending oneself, has the potential to strengthen one's sense of connectedness. While previous research has identified certain mechanisms in the link between awe and loyalty, the focus has mainly been on the objective aspects of tourist destinations, neglecting the possibility that various aspects of loyalty could be influenced by awe. Currently, there is no evidence of cultural cognition being considered as a potential perspective in this relationship. Additionally, the subjective well-being of tourists has an unpredictable impact on their recognition of destinations and their future travel intentions.To address these unresolved issues, this dissertation uses the appraisal theory of emotion as a foundation to investigate how awe influences tourist loyalty in different awe-inducing environments. The dissertation aims to achieve three objectives: (1) to study the influence of different characteristics of awe induction, (2) to test cultural cognition and subjective well-being as moderating effects on tourists’ loyalty, and (3) to examine the impact of tourists’ subjective well-being and implicit awe on future tourist loyalty.The research employs a rigorous quantitative approach and customizes established questionnaires from the existing literature, ensuring that they are tailored to the specific context of this dissertation. A panel of five experts conducts a thorough review to evaluate and refine the initial scales, followed by a pilot test to confirm their clarity and effectiveness. Data is collected through a survey method, utilizing a quota approach to engage tourists visiting various temples. A total of 480 samples are invited, with 352 valid responses retained for analysis using advanced statistical tools such as SPSS and SMARTPLS. The analysis includes a comprehensive range of statistical techniques including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity tests, factor analysis, PLS multiple regression, ensuring a robust and in-depth examination of the data.The PLS-SEM results conclude that natural environment and religious culture are significant predictors of tourists’ awe. Additionally, this dissertation supports the idea that awe can influence cultural cognition, subjective well-being, and tourist loyalty. Furthermore, cultural cognition influences subjective well-being, and both directly and indirectly affect tourist loyalty.This dissertation expands on previous research by examining awe in the context of multifaceted travel experiences, rather than just focusing on positive outcomes of awe in tourism activities. It explores how tourists experience awe differently in adventurous activities and during visits to temples, and how various aspects of temple visits contribute to the experience of awe. This dissertation also highlights the role of natural environment and historical culture as factors that evoke awe, and their impact on tourist loyalty. It suggests that destination marketers and temple organizers can utilize these awe-related variables to build tourist loyalty by creating emotion-inducing atmospheres and incorporating atmospheric design and layout to enhance tourists' awe experiences, cultural cognition, and subjective well-being. Regular evaluation of measures is recommended to prevent a decline in facility and service levels, which could impact tourist loyalty. Lastly, this dissertation highlights the crucial importance of cultivating positive emotions, such as awe, in influencing tourist cognition and psychological well-being, leading to increased revisit intentions and favorable attitudes toward the temple. Utilize social media platforms to amplify marketing campaigns that evoke positive emotions when individuals visiting the temple. Furthermore, forming partnerships with other tourist attractions can further solidify tourist loyalty.
2024
英文
216
Acknowledgements I
Abstract II
Contents V
List of Figures IX
List of Tables X
List of Abbreviation XI
Chapter One Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.1.1 Current Background 1
1.1.2 Academic Background 5
1.2 Research Statement 10
1.3 Research Questions 13
1.4 Research Objectives 13
1.5 Scope of The Research 14
1.6 Contributions of Research 15
1.6.1 Theoretical Contributions 15
1.6.2 Practical Contributions 16
1.7 Definition of Key Terms 18
1.8 Research Methodology and Organization of the Dissertation 19
1.8.1. Research Methodology 19
1.8.2 Organization of the Dissertation 20
1.9 Innovation 21
1.9.1 Innovative Perspectives 21
1.9.2 Innovative Contents 21
1.9.3 Innovative Subjects 22
1.10 Chapter Summary 22
Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 23
2.1. Introduction 23
2.2 Cultural Tourism 23
2.2.1 Historical overview and definitions 23
2.2.2 Natural Environment in Cultural Tourism 29
2.2.3 Religious culture in Cultural Tourism 30
2.3 Awe 34
2.3.1 Overview 34
2.3.2 Definition 37
2.3.3 Measurement of Awe 40
2.4 Cultural Cognition 43
2.4.1. Overview 43
2.4.2 Definition 45
2.4.3 Cultural Cognition in Cultural Tourism 50
2.4.4 Measurement of Cultural Cognition 51
2.5 Subjective well-being 52
2.5.1 Overview 52
2.5.2 Definition 53
2.5.3 Subjective well-being in Cultural Tourism 59
2.5.4 Measurement of Subjective well-being 61
2.6. Tourist Loyalty 65
2.6.1 Overview 65
2.6.2 Definition 66
2.6.3 Tourist Loyalty in Cultural Tourism 71
2.6.4 Measurement of Tourist Loyalty 72
2.7 Theoretical Framework 75
2.7.1 Appraisal theory of emotion 75
2.8 Research Hypothesis 78
2.9 Summary 94
Chapter Three: Research Methodology 97
3.1 Construction of The Research Framework 97
3.2 Research Design 98
3.3 Sample and Method of Sampling 99
3.3.1 Sample Location Setting 99
3.3.2 Sample Size 102
3.3.3 Sampling Procedure 104
3.3.4 Techniques of data analysis 104
3.4. Measurement of Variables 105
3.4.1 Instrument Design and Scale 105
3.4.2 Questionnaire Items 106
3.5 Data Processing 111
3.5.1 Data Collection 111
3.5.2 Pilot Study 112
3.5.3 Pilot Study Results 112
3.5.4 Summary of Pilot Test 117
3.6 Chapter Summary 117
Chapter Four Results 118
4.1 Preliminary Data Analysis 118
4.1.1 Response Rate Analysis 118
4.1.2 Assessment of Normality 119
4.1.3 Common Method Variance (CMV) 121
4.1.4 Multicollinearity Test 121
4.2 Sample and Sample Characteristic 122
4.3 Assessment of Measurement Model 124
4.3.1 Internal Consistency Reliability 125
4.3.2 Indicator Reliability 126
4.3.3 Convergent Validity 126
4.3.4 Discriminant Validity 128
4.4 Structural Model Assessment Results 132
4.4.1 Collinearity Assessment 132
4.4.2 Structural Equation Analysis 133
4.5 Chapter Summary 137
Chapter Five Discussion 139
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 Research Findings 139
5.3 Discussion of Findings 140
5.3.1 The factors to elicit awe on cultural tourism(H1a-H1b) 140
5.3.2 Influence of the interrelationships between awe, cultural cognition, subjective well-being, and tourist loyalty(H2-H7) 143
5.3.3 The Mediating Role of Cultural Cognition and Subjective Well-being (H8-H9) 150
5.4 Implications of the Study 153
5.4.1 Theoretical Implications 153
5.4.2 Practical Implications 155
5.5 Chapter Summary 156
Chapter Six Conclusion 158
6.1 Summary of the Findings and Research Objectives 158
6.2 Summary of Research Contributions 161
6.3 Limitations and Future Research 162
References 164
Curriculum Vitae 206
Appendices 207
Abstract II
Contents V
List of Figures IX
List of Tables X
List of Abbreviation XI
Chapter One Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.1.1 Current Background 1
1.1.2 Academic Background 5
1.2 Research Statement 10
1.3 Research Questions 13
1.4 Research Objectives 13
1.5 Scope of The Research 14
1.6 Contributions of Research 15
1.6.1 Theoretical Contributions 15
1.6.2 Practical Contributions 16
1.7 Definition of Key Terms 18
1.8 Research Methodology and Organization of the Dissertation 19
1.8.1. Research Methodology 19
1.8.2 Organization of the Dissertation 20
1.9 Innovation 21
1.9.1 Innovative Perspectives 21
1.9.2 Innovative Contents 21
1.9.3 Innovative Subjects 22
1.10 Chapter Summary 22
Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 23
2.1. Introduction 23
2.2 Cultural Tourism 23
2.2.1 Historical overview and definitions 23
2.2.2 Natural Environment in Cultural Tourism 29
2.2.3 Religious culture in Cultural Tourism 30
2.3 Awe 34
2.3.1 Overview 34
2.3.2 Definition 37
2.3.3 Measurement of Awe 40
2.4 Cultural Cognition 43
2.4.1. Overview 43
2.4.2 Definition 45
2.4.3 Cultural Cognition in Cultural Tourism 50
2.4.4 Measurement of Cultural Cognition 51
2.5 Subjective well-being 52
2.5.1 Overview 52
2.5.2 Definition 53
2.5.3 Subjective well-being in Cultural Tourism 59
2.5.4 Measurement of Subjective well-being 61
2.6. Tourist Loyalty 65
2.6.1 Overview 65
2.6.2 Definition 66
2.6.3 Tourist Loyalty in Cultural Tourism 71
2.6.4 Measurement of Tourist Loyalty 72
2.7 Theoretical Framework 75
2.7.1 Appraisal theory of emotion 75
2.8 Research Hypothesis 78
2.9 Summary 94
Chapter Three: Research Methodology 97
3.1 Construction of The Research Framework 97
3.2 Research Design 98
3.3 Sample and Method of Sampling 99
3.3.1 Sample Location Setting 99
3.3.2 Sample Size 102
3.3.3 Sampling Procedure 104
3.3.4 Techniques of data analysis 104
3.4. Measurement of Variables 105
3.4.1 Instrument Design and Scale 105
3.4.2 Questionnaire Items 106
3.5 Data Processing 111
3.5.1 Data Collection 111
3.5.2 Pilot Study 112
3.5.3 Pilot Study Results 112
3.5.4 Summary of Pilot Test 117
3.6 Chapter Summary 117
Chapter Four Results 118
4.1 Preliminary Data Analysis 118
4.1.1 Response Rate Analysis 118
4.1.2 Assessment of Normality 119
4.1.3 Common Method Variance (CMV) 121
4.1.4 Multicollinearity Test 121
4.2 Sample and Sample Characteristic 122
4.3 Assessment of Measurement Model 124
4.3.1 Internal Consistency Reliability 125
4.3.2 Indicator Reliability 126
4.3.3 Convergent Validity 126
4.3.4 Discriminant Validity 128
4.4 Structural Model Assessment Results 132
4.4.1 Collinearity Assessment 132
4.4.2 Structural Equation Analysis 133
4.5 Chapter Summary 137
Chapter Five Discussion 139
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 Research Findings 139
5.3 Discussion of Findings 140
5.3.1 The factors to elicit awe on cultural tourism(H1a-H1b) 140
5.3.2 Influence of the interrelationships between awe, cultural cognition, subjective well-being, and tourist loyalty(H2-H7) 143
5.3.3 The Mediating Role of Cultural Cognition and Subjective Well-being (H8-H9) 150
5.4 Implications of the Study 153
5.4.1 Theoretical Implications 153
5.4.2 Practical Implications 155
5.5 Chapter Summary 156
Chapter Six Conclusion 158
6.1 Summary of the Findings and Research Objectives 158
6.2 Summary of Research Contributions 161
6.3 Limitations and Future Research 162
References 164
Curriculum Vitae 206
Appendices 207
1. 蔔正民 2005 《社群.王朝──明代國家與社會》,新北:臺灣商務書局.
2. 陳春安（2010）。遊客對媽祖文化認知及參與態度關係之研究－以新港奉天宮為例。﹝碩士論文。逢甲大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
3. 陳浩彬 & 唐文倩.(2022).大學生壓力性生活事件與智慧的關係：心理韌性的仲介作用和逆境認知的調節作用. 南京曉莊學院學報(05),70-77.
4. 陳明川（2003）。社區居民對生態旅遊衝擊認知與發展態度之研究-以嘉義縣山美村為例。﹝碩士論文。國立中興大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
5. 崔琰,邱月 & 鄭鑫.(2019).體驗經濟視角下的民俗文化旅遊地提升策略. 開發研究(02),123-128.
6. 董潔芳 & 裴亞潞.(2014).運用菲力浦·科特勒測評模式對解州關帝廟遊客滿意度測評研究. 江蘇商論(04),36-38+57.
7. 董琳 & 黎永泰.(2009).中-歐合作企業中的文化差異與跨文化管理策略研究. 四川大學學報(哲學社會科學版)(03),95-101.
8. 杜夢醒.(2020).鄉村旅遊情境對遊客行為意願的影響研究(碩士學位論文,天津師範大學)
9. 範玉強,陳志鋼,劉濤慧,朱樂樂 & 楊睿.(2021).紅色旅遊情境下敬畏情緒對遊客滿意度的影響研究——以延安為例. 西北大學學報(自然科學版)(02),259-269.
10. 方行笑 & 唐代劍.(2020).認知失調喚醒對遊客行為意願的影響研究——基於情緒評價理論. 廣西經濟管理幹部學院學報(01),49-56+62.
11. 幹鳴豐.(2015).寺廟旅遊地“商業化”表像及動因. 知識經濟(20),77-78+80.
12. 郭麗華.(1999).略論“文化旅遊”. 北京第二外國語學院學報(04),42-45.
13. 何素花. (2020). 產業文化認知與知識經濟發展的提升-以藺草文化館為例. 休閒研究, 10(1), 40-50.
14. 洪武詮（2004）。泰安鐵道文化觀光發展之研究。﹝碩士論文。朝陽科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
15. 呼建勇.(2013).文化認知對跨文化交際的影響(碩士學位論文,山東大學).
16. 胡傳東. (2013). 旅遊: 一種進化心理學的解釋. 旅遊學刊, 28(9), 102-108.
17. 許湘渝（2022）。遊客休閒涉入、文化認知、地方依附與遊客忠誠度之關係研究-以紅毛港文化園區為例。﹝碩士論文。大仁科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
18. 黃京華, 金悅, & 張晶. (2016). 企業微博如何提升消費者忠誠度--基於社會認同理論的實證研究. 南開管理評論, 19(4), 159-168.
19. 黃素妙（2008）。遊客對集集鎮鐵道文化觀光之認知與體驗效益之研究。﹝碩士論文。大葉大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
20. 李方方 & 卞麗蓉.(2019).八裡河景區遊客滿意度調查. 合作經濟與科技(04),104-106.
21. 李巧玲.(2003).文化旅遊及其資源開發芻議. 湛江師範學院學報(02).
22. 林龍飛,黃光輝 & 王豔.(2010).基於因數分析的民族文化旅遊產品真實性評價體系研究. 人文地理(01),39-43.
23. 劉淑義.(2013).跨文化交際中的文化認知差異對涉外導遊的啟示. 湖北函授大學學報(12),78-79.
24. 劉玉.(2000).知識經濟時代的文化旅遊[J].雲南地理環境研究, (1):65-71.
25. 馬宛蓁（2010）。桃園縣忠烈祠文化觀光之研究-以遊客對文化資產之認知、體驗滿意度與經營展望為中心。﹝碩士論文。銘傳大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
26. 孟昭蘭. (2000). 體驗是情緒的心理實體——個體情緒發展的理論探討. 應用心理學, 6(2), 48-52.
27. 潘先紅.(2019).鹽城市城市公園休閒滿意度提升研究(碩士學位論文,河南大學).
28. 邱宏亮. (2016). 道德規範與旅遊者文明旅遊行為意願——基於 TPB 的擴展模型. 浙江社會科學, (3), 96-103.
29. 邱紀寧（2005）。遊客對農業旅遊認知與滿意度研究─以臺北市農會舉辦之農業旅遊為例。﹝碩士論文。國立政治大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
30. 饒見維. (1994). 知識場論: 認知思考與教育的統合理論. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司.
31. 任冠文.(2009).文化旅遊相關概念辨析. 旅遊論壇(02),159-162.
32. 任俊，李倩．積極心理學:當前的困擾與未來的走向[J]．上海師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版)，2014（02）：140-146．
33. 田野，盧東，P Samart． 遊客的敬畏與忠誠: 基於情緒評價理論的解釋［J］．旅遊學刊，2015(10) : 80-88．
34. 王娟, & 孫玉浩. (2022). 張家口冰雪旅遊遊客體驗價值與忠誠度關係研究——基於旅途夥伴的調節作用. 資源與生態學報, 13(4), 646.
35. 王琳.(2018). 呼和浩特居民召廟文化消費影響因素分析及對策研究(碩士學位論文,內蒙古財經大學).
36. 王羽,王豔平 & 周永振.(2013).敬畏倫理視角下的溫泉旅遊產品開發. 大連民族學院學報(06),628-632.
37. 王玉乾.(2018).鄉村旅遊遊客滿意度影響因素研究(碩士學位論文,山東大學).
38. 吳偉霞 & 李娟梅.(2020).大學生無錫地方旅遊文化認知度調查研究. 北方經貿(05),155-157.
39. 薛倩瑞.(2018).陝西佛教祖庭發展現狀研究(碩士學位論文,西北大學).
40. 楊英法,王全福,李素蓮.(2005).文化旅遊的發展路徑探索. 河北建築科技學院學報(社科版)(03),11-12.
41. 殷英梅.(2018).遊客對他人不文明旅遊行為的道德情感與行為傾向研究——基於情緒認知評價理論的視角. 燕山大學學報(哲學社會科學版)(06),70-77.
42. 餘文晴（2014）。遊客對紅毛港文化園區文化認知、文化體驗及整體滿意度之研究。﹝碩士論文。國立高雄海洋科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
43. 於嵐.(2003).文化旅遊概念不宜泛化. 北京第二外國語學院學報(03),95-100.
44. 張歡歡.(2015).基於因數分析法的茶文化旅遊線路遊客滿意度研究——以信陽市為例. 西北師範大學學報(自然科學版)(05),114-118.
45. 張十味 (2023 March 2nd) 年輕人為啥愛上寺廟遊_澎湃評論_澎湃新聞. (n.d.). https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_22138282
46. 張萬鵬.(2019).基於情緒評價理論的目的地形象對遊客行為意願影響的研究(碩士學位論文,河南師範大學).
47. Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and how of it. Indian journal of medical specialties, 4(2), 330-333.
48. Achour, M., Binti Abdul Ghani Azmi, I., Bin Isahak, M., Mohd Nor, M. R., & Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. Z. (2019). Job stress and nurses well-being: Prayer and age as moderators. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 1226-1235.
49. Allen, D., Rhoden, S., Sakharchuk, E., Ilkevich, S., Sharafanova, E. E., & Pecheritsa, E. (2015). Cultural tourism. Tourism in Russia: A Management Handbook; Dimanche, F., Andrades, L., Eds, 133-180.
50. Al-okaily, N. S., Alzboun, N., Alrawadieh, Z., & Slehat, M. (2023). The impact of eudaimonic well-being on experience and loyalty: A tourism context. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(2), 216-231.
51. Anderson, C. L., Monroy, M., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe in nature heals: Evidence from military veterans, at-risk youth, and college students. Emotion, 18(8), 1195.
52. Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E‐satisfaction and e‐loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 123-138.
53. Angelova, B., & Zeqiri, J. (2011). Measuring customer satisfaction with service quality using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1, 232-258.
54. Apleni, L., Vallabh, D., & Henama, U.S. (2017). Motivation for tourists' participation in religious tourism in the Eastern Cape: A case study of Buffalo City, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(2), 1-14.
55. Argyle, M. (1996). Subjective well-being. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), In pursuit of the quality of life (pp. 18-45).
56. Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality: Vol. I. Psychological aspects.
57. Arrondo, R., Cárcaba, A., & González, E. (2021). Drivers of subjective well-being in spain: are there gender differences? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(5), 2131-2154.
58. Augusto de Matos, C., Luiz Henrique, J., & De Rosa, F. (2009). The different roles of switching costs on the satisfaction‐loyalty relationship. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(7), 506-523.
59. Backman, S. J., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). The usefulness of selected variables for predicting activity loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 205-220.
60. Backman, S. J., & Veldkamp, C. (1995). Examination of the relationship between service quality and user loyalty. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 13(2), 29-41.
61. Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184-206.
62. Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., Chen, S., Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., McNeil, G. D., ... & Keltner, D. (2017). Awe, the diminished self, and collective engagement: Universals and cultural variations in the small self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 185.
63. Bai, Y., Ocampo, J., Jin, G., Chen, S., Benet-Martinez, V., Monroy, M., ... & Keltner, D. (2021). Awe, daily stress, and elevated life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(4), 837.
64. Baloglu, S., Busser, J., & Cain, L. (2019). Impact of experience on emotional well-being and loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(4), 427-445.
65. Balsam, K. F., Huang, B., Fieland, K. C., Simoni, J. M., & Walters, K. L. (2004). Culture, trauma, and wellness: A comparison of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and two-spirit Native Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 287.
66. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
67. Bastiaansen, M., Lub, X. D., Mitas, O., Jung, T. H., Ascenção, M. P., Han, D. I., ... & Strijbosch, W. (2019). Emotions as core building blocks of an experience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 651-668.
68. Bastian, B., Kuppens, P., De Roover, K., & Diener, E. (2014). Is valuing positive emotion associated with life satisfaction? Emotion, 14(4), 639.
69. Baumann, C., Elliott, G., & Hamin, H. (2011). Modelling customer loyalty in financial services: A hybrid of formative and reflective constructs. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 29(3), 247–267.
70. Behr, D. (2017). Assessing the use of back translation: The shortcomings of back translation as a quality testing method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), 573-584.
71. Belloumi, M. (2010). The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Tunisia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 550–560.
72. Bentahila, L., Fontaine, R., & Pennequin, V. (2021). Universality and cultural diversity in moral reasoning and judgment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 764360.
73. Berger, B. G., Pargman, D., & Weinberg, R. S. (2002). Foundations of exercise psychology. Fitness Information Technology.
74. Berry, Z., Lewis Jr, N. A., & Sowden, W. J. (2021). The double-edged sword of loyalty. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 321-326.
75. Blasco-Belled, A., Rogoza, R., Torrelles-Nadal, C., & Alsinet, C. (2020). Emotional intelligence structure and its relationship with life satisfaction and happiness: New findings from the bifactor model. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(6), 2031-2049.
76. Bond, N., & Falk, J. (2013). Tourism and identity-related motivations: Why am I here (and not there)? International Journal of Tourism Research, 15, 430-442.
77. Bonner, E. T., & Friedman, H. L. (2011). A conceptual clarification of the experience of awe: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Humanistic Psychologist, 39(3), 222-235.
78. Boynton, P. M., & Greenhalgh, T. (2004). Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire. BMJ, 328(7451), 1312-1315.
79. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being.
80. Burhanudin, B. (2024). Masstige marketing: Addressing short‐term and long‐term happiness. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(1), e12893.
81. Burke, E. (1990). Philosophical inquiry into the ideas of the sublime and the beautiful. Oxford University Press.
82. Cai, W., McKenna, B., & Waizenegger, L. (2019). Turning it off: Emotions in digital-free travel. Journal of Travel Research.
83. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. (1995). Cambridge University Press.
84. Canals, L. (2017). Instruments for Gathering Data. Research-publishing. net. La Grange des Noyes, 25110 Voillans, France.
85. Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Publications.
86. Chang, L.-L., Backman, K. F., & Huang, Y. C. (2014). Creative tourism: A preliminary examination of creative tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intention. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 401-419.
87. Chen, C. C., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). Health and wellness benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 709-719.
88. Chen, C., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31, 29-35.
89. Chen, H. T., & Li, X. (2017). The contribution of mobile social media to social capital and psychological well-being: Examining the role of communicative use, friending and self-disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 958-965.
90. Chen, H., Bernard, S., & Rahman, I. (2019). Greenishing in hotels: A structural model of trust and behavioral intentions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 326-335.
91. Chen, H., & Rahman, I. (2018). Cultural tourism: An analysis of engagement, cultural contact, memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty. Tourism management perspectives, 26, 153-163.
92. Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79-85.
93. Chen, R., Bai, K., & Luo, Q. (2021). To help or not to help: The effects of awe on residents and tourists’ helping behaviour in tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(7), 682-695.
94. Chhabra, D., Healy, R., & Sills, E. (2003). Staged authenticity and heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 702-719.
95. Chi, G. (2005). A study of developing destination loyalty model. Oklahoma State University.
96. Chi, M. T. (2005). Commonsense conceptions of emergent processes: Why some misconceptions are robust. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(2), 161-199.
97. Chirico, A., & Yaden, D. B. (2018). Awe: a self-transcendent and sometimes transformative emotion. The function of emotions: When and why emotions help us, 221-233.
98. Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97.
99. Chiu, C. L., Wang, Q., Ho, H. C., Zhang, J., & Zhao, F. (2019). Metrosexual trend in facial care products: Analysis of factors that influence young Chinese men purchasing intention. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 10(4), 377-397.
100. Chiu, J. N. (2005). Tourists' Awareness and Satisfaction of Agricultural Tourism: A Case Study of Agricultural Tourism Organized by Taipei City Farmers' Association. Master's thesis, Graduate Institute of Geography, National Chengchi University.
101. Cifci, I., Rather, R. A., Taspinar, O., & Altunel, G. K. (2023). Demystifying destination attachment, self-congruity and revisiting intention in dark tourism destinations through the gender-based lens. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-17.
102. Clark, V. L. P., & Ivankova, N. V. (2017). Mixed methods research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 305-306.
103. Cocking, D. (2014). Aristotle, Friendship and Virtue. Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 68(267 (1)), 83–90.
104. Coghlan, A., Buckley, R., & Weaver, D. (2012). A framework for analysing awe in tourism experiences. Tourism Research, 32(3), 689-710.
105. Cohen, E., & Cohen, S. A. (2012). Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 2177-2202.
106. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2006). Marketing research. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
107. Coughlan, R. (2005). Employee loyalty as adherence to shared moral values. Journal of Managerial Issues, 43-57.
108. Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
109. Day, G. S. (1969). A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty. Journal of Advertising Research, 9, 29-35.
110. Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113.
111. Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105.
112. Diener, E., Napa Scollon, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. In Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 67-100).
113. Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 403-425.
114. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276.
115. Dimitrovski, D., & Crespi-Vallbona, M. (2017). Role of food neophilia in food market tourists’ motivational construct: The case of La Boqueria in Barcelona, Spain. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(4), 475-487.
116. Dong, J. F., & Pei, Y. L. (2014). A study on tourist satisfaction evaluation of Jiezhou Guandi Temple using Philip Kotler's assessment model. Jiangsu Commercial Forum, (04), 36-38+57.
117. Dong, R., & Ni, S. G. (2020). Openness to experience, extraversion, and subjective well-being among Chinese college students: The mediating role of dispositional awe. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 903-928.
118. Dush, C. M. K., & Amato, P. R. (2005). Consequences of relationship status and quality for subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 607-627.
119. Dwivedi, A., Nayeem, T., & Murshed, F. (2018). Brand experience and consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) a price premium: Mediating role of brand credibility and perceived uniqueness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 100-107.
120. Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: inter-and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 869.
121. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200.
122. Emmons, R. A. (2005). Emotion and religion. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (pp. 235-252). The Guilford Press.
123. Eva, N., Parameitha, D. D., Farah, F. A. M., & Nurfitriana, F. (2020). Academic resilience and subjective well-being amongst college students using online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. KnE Social Sciences, 202-214.
124. Eysenck, M. W., & Keane, M. T. (2005). Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook (5th ed.). Psychology Press.
125. Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
126. Fiske, A. P. (1991). Structures of Social Life: The Four Elementary Forms of Human Relations. Free Press.
127. Fiske, A. P., & Haslam, N. (2005). The four basic social bonds. Interpersonal cognition, 267, 298.
128. Formosa, J., Johnson, D., Türkay, S., & Mandryk, R. L. (2022). Need satisfaction, passion and well-being effects of videogame play prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107232.
129. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research (pre-1986), 18(000003), 382.
130. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). Cultivated emotions: Parental socialization of positive emotions and self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 279-281.
131. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The Emotions. Cambridge University Press.
132. Fu, Y. N., Feng, R., Liu, Q., He, Y., Turel, O., Zhang, S., & He, Q. (2022). Awe and prosocial behavior: The mediating role of presence of meaning in life and the moderating role of perceived social support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6466.
133. Galí-Espelt, N. (2012). Identifying cultural tourism: A theoretical methodological proposal. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 7(1), 45-58.
134. Gan, M. F. (2015). The "commercialization" appearance and motivation of temple tourism sites. Knowledge Economy, (20), 77-78+80.
135. Gannon, M. J. (2011). Cultural Metaphors: Their Use in Management Practice as a Method for Understanding Cultures. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 7(1).
136. Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2002). A study of the impact of the expectation of a holiday on an individual's sense of well-being. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(4), 352-361.
137. Girard, L. F., & Nijkamp, P. (Eds.). (2009). Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Local Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
138. González-Rodríguez, M. R., Díaz-Fernández, M. C., & Pino-Mejías, M. Á. (2020). The impact of virtual reality technology on tourists’ experience: A textual data analysis. Soft Computing, 24(18), 13879-13892.
139. Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., Anderson, C. L., McNeil, G. D., Loew, D., & Keltner, D. (2017). The dark side of the sublime: Distinguishing a threat-based variant of awe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 310.
140. Grappi, S., & Montanari, F. (2011). The role of social identification
141. Griskevicius, V., Shiota, M. N., & Neufeld, S. L. (2010). Influence of different positive emotions on persuasion processing: a functional evolutionary approach. Emotion, 10(2), 190.
142. Grissemann, U. S., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2012). Customer co-creation of travel services: The role of company support and customer satisfaction with the co-creation performance. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1483-1492.
143. Haidt, J., Patrick Seder, J., & Kesebir, S. (2008). Hive psychology, happiness, and public policy. The Journal of Legal Studies, 37(S2), S133-S156.
144. Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
145. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
146. Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate data analysis: An overview. International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 904-907.
147. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.
148. Halbrook, Y. J., O’Donnell, A. T., & Msetfi, R. M. (2019). When and how video games can be good: A review of the positive effects of video games on well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 1096-1104.
149. Hallak, R., Assaker, G., & El-Haddad, R. (2018). Re-examining the relationships among perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty: A higher-order structural model. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 24(2), 118-135.
150. Halpenny, E. A., Kulczycki, C., & Moghimehfar, F. (2016). Factors effecting destination and event loyalty: Examining the sustainability of a recurrent small-scale running event at Banff National Park. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(3-4), 233-262.
151. Halstead, J. M., & Halstead, A. O. (2004). Awe, tragedy and the human condition. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 9(2), 163-175.
152. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2012). An extension of the four-stage loyalty model: The critical role of positive switching barriers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(1), 40–56.
153. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2019). Green indoor and outdoor environment as nature‐based solution and its role in increasing customer/employee mental health, well‐being, and loyalty. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(4), 629-641.
154. Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chi, X., Baek, H., & Lee, K. S. (2020). Impact of environmental CSR, service quality, emotional attachment, and price perception on word-of-mouth for full-service airlines. Sustainability, 12(10), 3974.
155. He, S. H. (2020). Industrial cultural cognition and the enhancement of knowledge economy development - Taking the Rush Straw Culture Hall as an example. Journal of Leisure Research, 10(1).
156. He, X., Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2020). The service quality to subjective well-being of Chinese tourists connection: A model with replications. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2076-2092.
157. Heidari, A., Yazdani, H. R., Saghafi, F., & Jalilvand, M. R. (2021). A networking approach to analyzing religious tourism businesses: The case of Al-Atabat Al-Aliyat in Iraq. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(2), 427-450.
158. Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
159. Hewison, R. (1987). The Heritage Industry: Britain in a Climate of Decline.
160. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
161. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states (Vol. 25). Harvard University Press.
162. Hollebeek, L. D. (2018). Individual-level cultural consumer engagement styles: Conceptualization, propositions and implications. International Marketing Review.
163. Howard L Hughes. (1998). Theatre in London and the inter-relationship with tourism. Tourism Management, 19(5), 445-452.
164. Howat, G., & Assaker, G. (2013). The hierarchical effects of perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical results from public, outdoor aquatic centres in Australia. Sport Management Review, 16(3), 268-284.
165. Huang, E., Hsu, M. H., & Yen, Y. R. (2008). Understanding participant loyalty intentions in virtual communities. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science & Applications, 4(5), 497-511.
166. Huang, K. (2018). Voices from the Margin: Journey of sacredness: Assessing how commercial activities in China affect religious tourists’ spiritual values: Supervisors: Professor Philip Pearce Dr Tracey Harrison-Hill Institution awarding the Ph. D. Degree: James Cook University Date of defence: 18/04/2017. European Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 145-148.
167. Hughes, H., Allen, D., & Isik, D. (2003). The significance of European "Capital of Culture" for tourism and culture: The case of Krakow 2000. International Journal of Arts Management, 12-23.
168. Humphrey, R. H. (2013). The benefits of emotional intelligence and empathy to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 287-294.
169. Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762.
170. Hwang, S., Lee, M., Park, E., & del Pobil, A. P. (2021). Determinants of customer brand loyalty in the retail industry: A comparison between national and private brands in South Korea. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102684.
171. Ivanovic, M. (2008). Cultural tourism. Juta and Company Ltd.
172. Izogo, E. E. (2015). Determinants of attitudinal loyalty in Nigerian telecom service sector: Does commitment play a mediating role? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 23, 107-117.
173. Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand loyalty: Measurement and management. John Wiley & Sons Incorporated.
174. Jacoby, J., & Kyner, D. B. (1973). Brand loyalty vs. repeat purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 1-9.
175. Jamaludin, N. L., Sam, D. L., Sandal, G. M., & Adam, A. A. (2016a). The influence of perceived discrimination, orientation to mainstream culture and life satisfaction on destination loyalty intentions: The case of international students. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16.
176. James, W. (1929). The varieties of religious experience: a study in human nature; being the Gifford lectures on natural religion (Vol. 70). Modern library.
177. Jarvis, L. P., & Wilcox, J. B. (1976). Repeat purchasing behavior and attitudinal brand loyalty: Additional evidence. Marketing, 151-152.
178. Javalgi, R. R. G., & Moberg, C. R. (1997). Service loyalty: implications for service providers. Journal of Services Marketing, 11(3), 165-179.
179. Jiang, J., Gao, B. W., & Su, X. (2022). Antecedents of Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Perspective of Awe. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
180. Jiang, T., Ryan, C., & Zhang, C. (2018). The spiritual or secular tourist? The experience of Zen meditation in Chinese temples. Tourism Management, 65, 187-199.
181. Joshanloo, M. (2019). Investigating the relationships between subjective well-being and psychological well-being over two decades. Emotion, 19(1), 183.
182. Jumanazarov, S., Kamilov, A., & Kiatkawsin, K. (2020). Impact of Samarkand’s destination attributes on international tourists’ revisit and word-of-mouth intention. Sustainability, 12(12), 5154–5171.
183. Kahan, D.M. (2012). Cultural Cognition as a Conception of the Cultural Theory of Risk. In: Roeser, S., Hillerbrand, R., Sandin, P., Peterson, M. (eds) Handbook of Risk Theory. Springer, Dordrecht.
184. Kahan, Dan & Braman, Donald & Gastil, John & Slovic, Paul & Mertz, C. (2007). Culture and Identity‐Protective Cognition: Explaining the White‐Male Effect in Risk Perception. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies., 4(3), 465-505.
185. Kahan, Dan, M., Jenkins-Smith, Hank, Braman, & Donald. (2011). Cultural cognition of scientific consensus. Journal of Risk Research., 14(2), 147-174.
186. Kant, I. (2012). The science of right. Simon and Schuster.
187. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 17(2), 297-314.
188. Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 262-271.
189. Keyes, C. L., & Waterman, M. B. (2003). Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. In Well-being (pp. 477-497). Psychology Press.
190. Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(sup1), S76-S96.
191. Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(sup1), S76-S96.
192. Kim, J. H. (2018). The impact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: The mediating effects of destination image and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 856-870.
193. Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Can sustainable restaurant practices enhance customer loyalty? The roles of value theory and environmental concerns. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 127-138.
194. Kim, Y. J., Park, J. S., & Jeon, H. M. (2021). Experiential value, satisfaction, brand love, and brand loyalty toward robot barista coffee shop: The moderating effect of generation. Sustainability, 13(21), 12029.
195. Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at new look. Psychological Science, 14(3), 201-206.
196. Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications.
197. Knobloch, U., Robertson, K., & Aitken, R. (2017). Experience, emotion, and eudaimonia: A consideration of tourist experiences and well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 56(5), 651-662.
198. Kobylińska, D., Zajenkowski, M., Lewczuk, K., Jankowski, K. S., & Marchlewska, M. (2020). The mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 1-14.
199. Koh, E., Fakfare, P., & Pongwat, A. (2022). The limits of Thai hospitality–perceived impact of tourism development on residents’ well-being in Chiang Mai. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(1), 187-209.
200. Koronios, K., Ntasis, L., Dimitropoulos, P., & Ratten, V. (2022). Not just intentions: Predicting actual purchase behavior in sport sponsorship context. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 12(1), 4-28.
201. Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2015). Assessing whether practical wisdom and awe of God are associated with life satisfaction. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 7(1), 51.
202. Krogh-Jespersen, S., Quinn, K. A., Krenzer, W. L., Nguyen, C., Greenslit, J., & Price, C. A. (2020). Exploring the awe-some: Mobile eye-tracking insights into awe in a science museum. PLoS One, 15(9), e0239204.
203. Kusdibyo, L. (2022). Tourist loyalty to hot springs destination: the role of tourist motivation, destination image, and tourist satisfaction. Leisure/Loisir, 46(3), 381-408.
204. Ladd, J. (1972). Loyalty. In P. Edwards (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Vol. 5, pp. 97–98). London, UK: Collier Macmillan.
205. Ladhari, R., Souiden, N., & Ladhari, I. (2011). Determinants of loyalty and recommendation: The role of natural environment, emotional satisfaction and image. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16, 111-124.
206. Lam, W. S. E. (2006). Culture and learning in the context of globalization: Research directions. Review of research in education, 213-237.
207. Lam-González Y E, León C J, de León J. (2019). Coopetition in maritime tourism: Assessing the effect of previous islands' choice and experience in tourist satisfaction [J]. Sustainability, 11(22): 6334.
208. Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Cognition and motivation in emotion. American Psychologist, 46(4), 352.
209. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
210. Lee, Y. K., Kim, S., Kim, M. S., & Choi, J. G. (2014). Antecedents and interrelationships of three types of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 67(10), 2097-2105.
211. Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(1), 93-105.
212. Li, Y., Wu, X., Chu, Y. J., & Guo, Y. J. (2022). The impact of transformative tourism experiences on prosocial behaviors of college students: Multiple chain mediating effects of dispositional awe and social connectedness. Sustainability, 14(20), 13626.
213. Liang, Y., & Zhu, D. (2015). Subjective well-being of Chinese landless peasants in relatively developed regions: Measurement using PANAS and SWLS. Social Indicators Research, 123, 817-835.
214. Liang, Z. X., & Hui, T. K. (2016). Residents’ quality of life and attitudes toward tourism development in China. Tourism Management, 57, 56-67.
215. Lin, C.-H. (2014). Effects of cuisine experience, psychological well-being, and self-health perception on the revisit intention of hot springs tourists. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38(2), 243–265.
216. Lin, L. F., Huang, G. H., & Wang, Y. (2010). A study on the authenticity evaluation system of ethnic cultural tourism products based on factor analysis. Human Geography, (01), 39-43.
217. Lin, Z., Chen, Y., & Filieri, R. (2017). Resident-tourist value co-creation: The role of residents' perceived tourism impacts and life satisfaction. Tourism Management, 61, 436-442.
218. Lischetzke, T., & Eid, M. (2003). Is attention to feelings beneficial or detrimental to affective well-being? Mood regulation as a moderator variable. Emotion, 3(4), 361.
219. Liu, J., & Teng, J. L. (2021). The driving mechanism of awe and pride to tourists civilized behavioral intention in the development of red tourism resources. Journal of Natural Resources, 36(7), 1760-1776.
220. Liu, J., Huo, Y., Wang, J., Bai, Y., Zhao, M., & Di, M. (2023). Awe of nature and well-being: Roles of nature connectedness and powerlessness. Personality and Individual Differences, 201, 111946.
221. Lloyd, K. M., & Auld, C. J. (2002). The role of leisure in determining quality of life: Issues of content and measurement. Social Indicators Research, 43-71.
222. Lopes, E. L., & da Silva, M. A. (2015). The effect of justice in the history of loyalty: A study in failure recovery in the retail context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 24, 110-120.
223. Lowenthal, D. (2015). The past is a foreign country-revisited. Cambridge University Press.
224. Lu, D., Liu, Y., Lai, I., & Yang, L. (2017). Awe: An important emotional experience in sustainable tourism. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 9, Issue 12). MDPI.
225. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803.
226. Ma, J., Gao, J., Scott, N., & Ding, P. (2013). Customer delight from theme park experiences: The antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 359-381.
227. Mabkhot, H. A., Shaari, H., & Md Salleh, S. (2017). The influence of brand image and brand personality on brand loyalty, mediating by brand trust: An empirical study. Jurnal Pengurusan, 50, 71-82.
228. Maddux, J. E. (2017). Subjective well-being and life satisfaction: An introduction to conceptions, theories, and measures. In Subjective well-being and life satisfaction (pp. 3-31). Routledge.
229. Margolis, S., Schwitzgebel, E., Ozer, D. J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019). A new measure of life satisfaction: The Riverside Life Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(6), 621-630.
230. Martin, D., O'Neill, M., Hubbard, S., & Palmer, A. (2008). The role of emotion in explaining consumer satisfaction and future behavioral intention. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(3), 224-236.
231. Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and psychology. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
232. Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate behavioral research, 46(5), 816-841.
233. McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42-65.
234. McDougall, W. (1926). An introduction to social psychology. Boston, MA: John W. Luce & Co.
235. McGregor, A. J., Markowitz, J. S., Forrester, J., & Shader, R. I. (2017). Joining the effort: The challenges in establishing guidelines for sex-and gender-specific research design in clinical therapeutic studies. Clinical Therapeutics, 39(10), 1912-1916.
236. Mokoena, L.G. (2020). Cultural tourism: Cultural presentation at the Basotho Cultural Village, Free State, South Africa. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 8(4), 470-490.
237. Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development. Emotion review, 5(2), 119-124.
238. Mousavi, S. S., Doratli, N., Mousavi, S. N., & Moradiahari, F. (2016, December). Defining cultural tourism. In International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 70-75).
239. Mursid, A., & Wu, C. H. J. (2022). Customer participation, value co-creation and customer loyalty: Evidence from Umrah travel agencies in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(3), 628-648.
240. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
241. Nawijn, J. (2011). Determinants of daily happiness on vacation. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 559-566.
242. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
243. Nguyen, T. H. H., & Cheung, C. (2016). Chinese heritage tourists to heritage sites: What are the effects of heritage motivation and perceived authenticity on satisfaction? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(11), 1155-1168.
244. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44.
245. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative report, 12(2), 281-316.
246. Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of travel research, 39(1), 78-84.
247. Oviedo-García, M. Á., Vega-Vázquez, M., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., & Orgaz-Agüera, F. (2019). Tourism in protected areas and the impact of services cape on tourist satisfaction, key in sustainability. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 74-83.
248. Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 25–39.
249. Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 4(3).
250. Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M. A., Woosnam, K. M., Payini, V., & Mallya, J. (2020). Visitors' loyalty to religious tourism destinations: Considering place attachment, emotional experience and religious affiliation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100737.
251. Pearce, J., Strickland-Munro, J., & Moore, S. A. (2017). What fosters awe-inspiring experiences in nature-based tourism destinations? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(3), 362-378.
252. Pearce, P., Filep, S., & Ross, G. (2010). Tourists, tourism and the good life (Vol. 20). Routledge.
253. Pestana, M. H., Parreira, A., & Moutinho, L. (2020). Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 16, 100332.
254. Pham, L. L. D., Eves, A., & Wang, X. L. (2023). Understanding tourists’ consumption emotions in street food experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 392-403.
255. Phillips, D. (2006). Quality of life: Concept, policy and practice. Routledge.
256. Piff, P. K., Dietze, P., Feinberg, M., Stancato, D. M., & Keltner, D. (2015). Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), 883.
257. Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy (Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 97-105). Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard Business Review Press.
258. Pizarro, J. J., Basabe, N., & Fernández, I. (2021). Self-transcendent emotions and their social effects: Awe, elevation and Kama Muta promote a human identification and motivations to help others. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:709859.
259. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
260. Powell, R.B., Brownlee, M.T.J., Kellert, S.R., & Ham, S.H. (2012). From awe to satisfaction: Immediate affective responses to the Antarctic tourism experience. Polar Record, 48(2), 145–156.
261. Prade, C., & Saroglou, V. (2016). Awe’s effects on generosity and helping. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 522-530.
262. Prayag, G., Hosany, S., & Odeh, K. (2013). The role of tourists’ emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 118–127.
263. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.
264. Price, C. A., Greenslit, J. N., Applebaum, L., Harris, N., Segovia, G., Quinn, K. A., & Krogh-Jespersen, S. (2021). Awe & memories of learning in science and art museums. Visitor Studies, 24(2), 137-165.
265. Pritchard, A. (2018). Predicting the next decade of tourism gender research. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 144-146.
266. Qiu, H., Wang, X., Morrison, A. M., Kelly, C., & Wei, W. (2022). From ownership to responsibility: extending the theory of planned behavior to predict tourist environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-24.
267. Qiu, R.T.R., Liu, A., Stienmetz, J.L., & Yu, Y. (2021). Timing matters: crisis severity and occupancy rate forecasts in social unrest periods. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(6), 2044-2064.
268. Rahimi, A., & Bigdeli, R. A. (2014). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in second language learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 795-801.
269. Rahmani, K., Gnoth, J., & Mather, D. (2018). Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being: A psycholinguistic view. Tourism Management, 69, 155-166.
270. Ramukumba, T. (2018). Tourists' revisit intentions based on purpose of visit and preference of the destination: A case study of Tsitsikamma National Park. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(1), 1-10.
271. Rand, G. E. D., Heath, E., & Alberts, N. (2003). The role of local and regional food in destination marketing: A South African situation analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 14(3-4), 97-112.
272. Rath, T., Harter, J. K., & Harter, J. (2010). Well-being: The five essential elements. Simon and Schuster.
273. Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.
274. Reisenzein, R. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion: two decades later. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 239.
275. Richard A. Heiens & Larry P. Pleshko PhD (1996). Categories of customer loyalty. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 3(1), 1-12.
276. Richards, G. (1996). Production and consumption of European cultural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 261-283.
277. Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
278. Richards, G. (Ed.). (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. CABI Publishing.
279. Robinson, M., & Picard, D. (Eds.). (2016). Emotion in motion: Tourism, affect and transformation. Routledge.
280. Rodrigues, A., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Prayag, G. (2022). The wow effect and behavioral intentions of tourists to astrotourism experiences: Mediating effects of satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 362-375.
281. Roth, G. (1975). Socio-historical model and developmental theory: Charismatic community, charisma of reason and the counterculture. American Sociological Review, 148-157.
282. Roscoe, A. M., Lang, D., & Sheth, J. N. (1975). Follow-up Methods, Questionnaire Length, and Market Differences in Mail Surveys: In this experimental test, a telephone reminder produced the best response rate and questionnaire length had no effect on rate of return. Journal of Marketing, 39(2), 20-27.
283. Rudd, M., Vohs, K. D., & Aaker, J. (2012). Awe expands people’s perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1130-1136.
284. Ruiz-Mafe, C., Bigne-Alcaniz, E., & Currás-Pérez, R. (2020). The effect of emotions, eWOM quality and online review sequence on consumer intention to follow advice obtained from digital services. Journal of Service Management, 31(3), 465-487.
285. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
286. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069.
287. Ryff, C. D. (2013). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10-28.
288. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719.
289. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39.
290. Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal values across cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517-546.
291. Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010). A scale to measure nonattachment: A Buddhist complement to Western research on attachment and adaptive functioning. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 116-127.
292. Salegna, G. J., & Goodwin, S. A. (2009). Consumer loyalty to service providers: an integrated conceptual model. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 18, 51-67.
293. Schmader, T., & Lickel, B. (2006). The approach and avoidance function of guilt and shame emotions: Comparing reactions to self-caused and other-caused wrongdoing. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 42-55.
294. Schurtz, D. R., Blincoe, S., Smith, R. H., Powell, C. A., Combs, D. J., & Kim, S. H. (2012). Exploring the social aspects of goose bumps and their role in awe and envy. Motivation and Emotion, 36(2), 205-217.
295. Scollon, R., Scollon, S. W., & Jones, R. H. (2012). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Wiley-Blackwell.
296. Seaton, C. L., & Beaumont, S. L. (2015). Pursuing the good life: A short-term follow-up study of the role of positive/negative emotions and ego-resilience in personal goal striving and eudaimonic well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 813-826.
297. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business – A Skill Building Approach (4th Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
298. Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 3-12). Oxford University Press.
299. Sharifian, F. (2015). Cultural Linguistics and world Englishes. World Englishes, 34(4), 515-532.
300. Shaw, A., DeScioli, P., Barakzai, A., & Kurzban, R. (2017). Whoever is not with me is against me: The costs of neutrality among friends. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 71, 96-104.
301. Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & Mossman, A. (2007). The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition and Emotion, 21(5), 944-963.
302. Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., & Palmer, T. B. (2002). The role of sampling in strategic management research on performance: A two-study analysis. Journal of Management, 28(3), 363-385.
303. Sie, L., Pegg, S., & Phelan, K. V. (2021). Senior tourists’ self-determined motivations, tour preferences, memorable experiences and subjective well-being: An integrative hierarchical model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, 237-251.
304. Sigala, M., & Steriopoulos, E. (2021). Does emotional engagement matter in dark tourism? Implications drawn from a reflective approach. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(4), 412-432.
305. Silton, R. L., Kahrilas, I. J., Skymba, H. V., Smith, J., Bryant, F. B., & Heller, W. (2020). Regulating positive emotions: Implications for promoting well-being in individuals with depression. Emotion, 20(1), 93.
306. Singleton, R., & Straits, B. (2010). Survey research. In Approaches to Social Research (pp. 263-308). Oxford University Press.
307. Smith, M. K., & Diekmann, A. (2017). Tourism and well-being. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 1-13.
308. Smith, M. K., & Richards, G. (Eds.). (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Tourism. Routledge.
309. Song, G., Silva, C. L., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C.. (2014). Cultural worldview and preference for childhood vaccination policy. Policy Studies Journal, 42(4), 528-554.
310. Stellar, J. E., Gordon, A., Anderson, C. L., Piff, P. K., McNeil, G. D., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe and humility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 258.
311. Stone, A. A., & Mackie, C. E. (2013). Subjective well-being: Measuring happiness, suffering, and other dimensions of experience. National Academies Press.
312. Su, L., & Hsu, M. K. (2013). Service fairness, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions: The experience of Chinese heritage tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(8), 786–805.
313. Su, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., & Huang, Y. (2020). Awe of intangible cultural heritage: the perspective of ICH tourists. Sage Open, 10(3), 2158244020941467.
314. Suhartanto, D., Brien, A., Primiana, I., et al. (2020). Tourist loyalty in creative tourism: The role of experience quality, value, satisfaction, and motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 867–879.
315. Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541-542.
316. Sundararajan, L. (2002). Religious awe: Potential contributions of negative theology to psychology, "positive" or otherwise. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 22(2), 174.
317. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
318. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental designs using ANOVA (Vol. 724). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
319. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. How to choose a sampling technique for research (April 10, 2016).
320. Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2006). Heritage tourism in the 21st century: Valued traditions and new perspectives. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1(1), 1-16.
321. Tinkler, L., & Hicks, S. (2011). Measuring subjective well-being. Office for National Statistics.
322. Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect imagery consciousness: Volume I: The positive affects. Springer Publishing Company.
323. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357.
324. Triandis, H. C. (1972). The analysis of subjective culture. Wiley-Interscience.
325. Tsaur, S. H., Wang, Y. C., Liu, C. R., & Huang, W. S. (2019). Festival attachment: Antecedents and effects on place attachment and place loyalty. International Journal of Event and Festival Management., 10(1), 17-33.
326. Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320.
327. Tylor, E. B. (1891). Primitive culture: Researches into the development of mythology. J. Murray.
328. UNWTO. (2011). World Tourism Barometer. World Tourism Organization.
329. UNWTO. (2020). International tourism highlights. Madrid: UNWTO.
330. UNWTO. (2021). Vaccines and reopen borders driving tourism’s recovery.
331. Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244-261.
332. Vada, S., Prentice, C., & Hsiao, A. (2019). The influence of tourism experience and well-being on place attachment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 322-330.
333. Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. clemson international institute for tourism. & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, 4-5.
334. Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 296.
335. Van Cappellen, P., & Saroglou, V. (2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(3), 223.
336. Veenhoven, R. (2011). Happiness: Also known as “life satisfaction” and “subjective well-being”. In Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research (pp. 63-77). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
337. Vogt, C., Jordan, E., Grewe, N., & Kruger, L. (2016). Collaborative tourism planning and subjective well-being in a small island destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 36-43.
338. Volo, S. (2021). The experience of emotion: Directions for tourism design. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103097.
339. Walliman, N. (2021). Research methods: The basics. Routledge.
340. Wang, L., & Lyu, J. (2019). Inspiring awe through tourism and its consequence. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 106-116.
341. Wang, L., Fang, B., & Law, R. (2018). Effect of air quality in the place of origin on outbound tourism demand: Disposable income as a moderator. Tourism Management, 68, 152-161.
342. Wang, R., Dai, M., Ou, Y., & Ma, X. (2021). Residents’ happiness of life in rural tourism development. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100612.
343. Wang, X., Lai, I. K. W., & Wang, X. (2023). The influence of girlfriend getaway luxury travel experiences on women's subjective well-being through travel satisfaction: A case study in Macau. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 91-100.
344. Wang, Y. C., Liu, C. R., Huang, W. S., & Chen, S. P. (2020). Destination fascination and destination loyalty: Subjective well-being and destination attachment as mediators. Journal of Travel Research, 59(3), 496-511.
345. Wang, Z., Yang, P., & Li, D. (2021). The influence of heritage tourism destination reputation on tourist consumption behavior: A case study of world cultural heritage shaolin temple. SAGE Open, 11(3).
346. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 767-793). Academic Press.
347. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
348. Watson, L., & Spence, M. T. (2007). Causes and consequences of emotions on consumer behaviour: A review and integrative cognitive appraisal theory. European Journal of Marketing, 41(5/6), 487-511.
349. Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, xiii-xxiii.
350. Wei, C., Dai, S. S., Xu, H. G., et al. (2020). Cultural worldview and cultural experience in natural tourism sites. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 241-249.
351. Wen, J., & Huang, S. (2019). The effects of push and pull travel motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty: A study of Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), 805-821.
352. Wen, J., Zheng, D., Hou, H., Phau, I., & Wang, W. (2022). Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology. Tourism Management, 92, 104556.
353. Wilkinson, D., & Birmingham, P. (2003). Using research instruments: A guide for researchers. Psychology Press.
354. Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).
355. Wong, P. T. P. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 69–81.
356. Woodward, E. C. (2016). Intergenerational emotion dysregulation: Older adolescent negative perception as a moderator. American University.
357. World Bank. (2021). Global economic prospects June 2021. Washington: World Bank.
358. Woznicki, C. (2020). The awe of the lord is the beginning of knowledge: The significance of awe for theological epistemology. The Expository Times, 131(4), 153-159.
359. Wu, C. H. J., & Liang, R. D. (2009). Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 586-593.
360. Wu, C.H.-J., & Mursid, A. (2020). Loyalty motivations for religious tourism: Indonesian Muslim travelers umrah participating in umrah pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Tourism Review, 75(2), 466-478.
361. Wu, H. C., Wong, J. W. C., & Cheng, C. C. (2014). An empirical study of behavioral intentions in the food festival: The case of Macau. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(11), 1278-1305.
362. Wu, M. Y., & Pearce, P. L. (2016). Tourism blogging motivations: Why do Chinese tourists create little “Lonely Planets”?. Journal of Travel Research, 55(4), 537-549.
363. Xie, C., Huang, Q., Lin, Z., & Chen, Y. (2020). Destination risk perception, image and satisfaction: The moderating effects of public opinion climate of risk. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 122-130.
364. Xu, N. N., Ji, X. Z., & Guo, Y. Z. (2022). A study on the relationship between cultural identity, place attachment, and tourist loyalty. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 10(1), 38-50.
365. Yaden, D. B., Iwry, J., Slack, K. J., Eichstaedt, J. C., Zhao, Y., Vaillant, G. E., & Newberg, A. B. (2016). The overview effect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 1.
366. Yan, A., & Jia, W. (2021). The influence of eliciting awe on pro-environmental behavior of tourist in religious tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 55-65.
367. Yan, N., & Halpenny, E. A. (2022). Tourists’ savoring of positive emotions and place attachment formation: A conceptual paper. Tourism Geographies, 24(2-3), 369-389.
368. Yan, Y. Q., Shen, H. J., Ye, B. H., & Zhou, L. (2022). From axe to awe: Assessing the co-effects of awe and authenticity on industrial heritage tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 2821-2837.
369. Yang, E. C. L., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 89-100.
370. Yang, W., Chen, Q., Huang, X., Xie, M., & Guo, Q. (2022). How do aesthetics and tourist involvement influence cultural identity in heritage tourism? The mediating role of mental experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 990030.
371. Yang, Y., Hu, J., Jing, F., Nguyen, B. (2018). From awe to ecological behavior: The mediating role of connectedness to nature. Sustainability, 10, 2477.
372. Yi, Y., & Jeon, H. (2003). Effects of loyalty programs on value perception, program loyalty, and brand loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 229-240.
373. Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56.
374. Yu Lan. (2003). The concept of cultural tourism should not be generalized. Journal of Beijing Second Institute of Foreign Languages (03),95-100.
375. Yuan, D., & Jang, G. (2022). Coupling coordination relationship between tourism industry and ecological civilization: A case study of Guangdong Province in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 92.
376. Yüksel, A., & Yüksel, F. (2007). Shopping risk perceptions: Effects on tourists’ emotions, satisfaction and expressed loyalty intentions. Tourism Management, 28(3), 703-713.
377. Yuksel, A., Yuksel, F., & Bilim, Y. (2010). Destination attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty. Tourism Management, 31(2), 274-284.
378. Zainuddin, Z., Radzi, M. S., & Zahari, M. S. M. (2013). Perceived destination competitiveness of Langkawi Island, Malaysia: A preliminary finding. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 801-810.
379. Zdaniuk, B., & Levine, J. M. (2001). Group loyalty: Impact of members' identification and contributions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37(6), 502-509.
380. Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40, 213-223.
381. Zhang, J. J. (2023). Leisure travel as process: understanding the relationship between leisure travel and subjective well-being among older adults. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-12.
382. Zhang, S. W. (2023, March 2nd). Why do young people love temple tours? The Paper. Retrieved from https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_22138282
383. Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Hu, B. (2019). Authenticity, quality, and loyalty: Local food and sustainable tourism experience. Sustainability, 11(12), 3437.
384. Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Lu, J., & He, W. (2018). Relation between awe and environmentalism: The role of social dominance orientation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 418712.
385. Zhao, Minyan et al. 2022. “Enhancing Residents’ Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intentions: The Role of Awe and Place Attachment in Potatso National Park Communities, Tibet.” FORESTS 13(8).
386. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P. L., & Wu, M. Y. (2014). Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 38, 1-10.
2. 陳春安（2010）。遊客對媽祖文化認知及參與態度關係之研究－以新港奉天宮為例。﹝碩士論文。逢甲大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
3. 陳浩彬 & 唐文倩.(2022).大學生壓力性生活事件與智慧的關係：心理韌性的仲介作用和逆境認知的調節作用. 南京曉莊學院學報(05),70-77.
4. 陳明川（2003）。社區居民對生態旅遊衝擊認知與發展態度之研究-以嘉義縣山美村為例。﹝碩士論文。國立中興大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
5. 崔琰,邱月 & 鄭鑫.(2019).體驗經濟視角下的民俗文化旅遊地提升策略. 開發研究(02),123-128.
6. 董潔芳 & 裴亞潞.(2014).運用菲力浦·科特勒測評模式對解州關帝廟遊客滿意度測評研究. 江蘇商論(04),36-38+57.
7. 董琳 & 黎永泰.(2009).中-歐合作企業中的文化差異與跨文化管理策略研究. 四川大學學報(哲學社會科學版)(03),95-101.
8. 杜夢醒.(2020).鄉村旅遊情境對遊客行為意願的影響研究(碩士學位論文,天津師範大學)
9. 範玉強,陳志鋼,劉濤慧,朱樂樂 & 楊睿.(2021).紅色旅遊情境下敬畏情緒對遊客滿意度的影響研究——以延安為例. 西北大學學報(自然科學版)(02),259-269.
10. 方行笑 & 唐代劍.(2020).認知失調喚醒對遊客行為意願的影響研究——基於情緒評價理論. 廣西經濟管理幹部學院學報(01),49-56+62.
11. 幹鳴豐.(2015).寺廟旅遊地“商業化”表像及動因. 知識經濟(20),77-78+80.
12. 郭麗華.(1999).略論“文化旅遊”. 北京第二外國語學院學報(04),42-45.
13. 何素花. (2020). 產業文化認知與知識經濟發展的提升-以藺草文化館為例. 休閒研究, 10(1), 40-50.
14. 洪武詮（2004）。泰安鐵道文化觀光發展之研究。﹝碩士論文。朝陽科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
15. 呼建勇.(2013).文化認知對跨文化交際的影響(碩士學位論文,山東大學).
16. 胡傳東. (2013). 旅遊: 一種進化心理學的解釋. 旅遊學刊, 28(9), 102-108.
17. 許湘渝（2022）。遊客休閒涉入、文化認知、地方依附與遊客忠誠度之關係研究-以紅毛港文化園區為例。﹝碩士論文。大仁科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
18. 黃京華, 金悅, & 張晶. (2016). 企業微博如何提升消費者忠誠度--基於社會認同理論的實證研究. 南開管理評論, 19(4), 159-168.
19. 黃素妙（2008）。遊客對集集鎮鐵道文化觀光之認知與體驗效益之研究。﹝碩士論文。大葉大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
20. 李方方 & 卞麗蓉.(2019).八裡河景區遊客滿意度調查. 合作經濟與科技(04),104-106.
21. 李巧玲.(2003).文化旅遊及其資源開發芻議. 湛江師範學院學報(02).
22. 林龍飛,黃光輝 & 王豔.(2010).基於因數分析的民族文化旅遊產品真實性評價體系研究. 人文地理(01),39-43.
23. 劉淑義.(2013).跨文化交際中的文化認知差異對涉外導遊的啟示. 湖北函授大學學報(12),78-79.
24. 劉玉.(2000).知識經濟時代的文化旅遊[J].雲南地理環境研究, (1):65-71.
25. 馬宛蓁（2010）。桃園縣忠烈祠文化觀光之研究-以遊客對文化資產之認知、體驗滿意度與經營展望為中心。﹝碩士論文。銘傳大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
26. 孟昭蘭. (2000). 體驗是情緒的心理實體——個體情緒發展的理論探討. 應用心理學, 6(2), 48-52.
27. 潘先紅.(2019).鹽城市城市公園休閒滿意度提升研究(碩士學位論文,河南大學).
28. 邱宏亮. (2016). 道德規範與旅遊者文明旅遊行為意願——基於 TPB 的擴展模型. 浙江社會科學, (3), 96-103.
29. 邱紀寧（2005）。遊客對農業旅遊認知與滿意度研究─以臺北市農會舉辦之農業旅遊為例。﹝碩士論文。國立政治大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
30. 饒見維. (1994). 知識場論: 認知思考與教育的統合理論. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司.
31. 任冠文.(2009).文化旅遊相關概念辨析. 旅遊論壇(02),159-162.
32. 任俊，李倩．積極心理學:當前的困擾與未來的走向[J]．上海師範大學學報(哲學社會科學版)，2014（02）：140-146．
33. 田野，盧東，P Samart． 遊客的敬畏與忠誠: 基於情緒評價理論的解釋［J］．旅遊學刊，2015(10) : 80-88．
34. 王娟, & 孫玉浩. (2022). 張家口冰雪旅遊遊客體驗價值與忠誠度關係研究——基於旅途夥伴的調節作用. 資源與生態學報, 13(4), 646.
35. 王琳.(2018). 呼和浩特居民召廟文化消費影響因素分析及對策研究(碩士學位論文,內蒙古財經大學).
36. 王羽,王豔平 & 周永振.(2013).敬畏倫理視角下的溫泉旅遊產品開發. 大連民族學院學報(06),628-632.
37. 王玉乾.(2018).鄉村旅遊遊客滿意度影響因素研究(碩士學位論文,山東大學).
38. 吳偉霞 & 李娟梅.(2020).大學生無錫地方旅遊文化認知度調查研究. 北方經貿(05),155-157.
39. 薛倩瑞.(2018).陝西佛教祖庭發展現狀研究(碩士學位論文,西北大學).
40. 楊英法,王全福,李素蓮.(2005).文化旅遊的發展路徑探索. 河北建築科技學院學報(社科版)(03),11-12.
41. 殷英梅.(2018).遊客對他人不文明旅遊行為的道德情感與行為傾向研究——基於情緒認知評價理論的視角. 燕山大學學報(哲學社會科學版)(06),70-77.
42. 餘文晴（2014）。遊客對紅毛港文化園區文化認知、文化體驗及整體滿意度之研究。﹝碩士論文。國立高雄海洋科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
43. 於嵐.(2003).文化旅遊概念不宜泛化. 北京第二外國語學院學報(03),95-100.
44. 張歡歡.(2015).基於因數分析法的茶文化旅遊線路遊客滿意度研究——以信陽市為例. 西北師範大學學報(自然科學版)(05),114-118.
45. 張十味 (2023 March 2nd) 年輕人為啥愛上寺廟遊_澎湃評論_澎湃新聞. (n.d.). https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_22138282
46. 張萬鵬.(2019).基於情緒評價理論的目的地形象對遊客行為意願影響的研究(碩士學位論文,河南師範大學).
47. Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and how of it. Indian journal of medical specialties, 4(2), 330-333.
48. Achour, M., Binti Abdul Ghani Azmi, I., Bin Isahak, M., Mohd Nor, M. R., & Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. Z. (2019). Job stress and nurses well-being: Prayer and age as moderators. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 1226-1235.
49. Allen, D., Rhoden, S., Sakharchuk, E., Ilkevich, S., Sharafanova, E. E., & Pecheritsa, E. (2015). Cultural tourism. Tourism in Russia: A Management Handbook; Dimanche, F., Andrades, L., Eds, 133-180.
50. Al-okaily, N. S., Alzboun, N., Alrawadieh, Z., & Slehat, M. (2023). The impact of eudaimonic well-being on experience and loyalty: A tourism context. Journal of Services Marketing, 37(2), 216-231.
51. Anderson, C. L., Monroy, M., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe in nature heals: Evidence from military veterans, at-risk youth, and college students. Emotion, 18(8), 1195.
52. Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E‐satisfaction and e‐loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 123-138.
53. Angelova, B., & Zeqiri, J. (2011). Measuring customer satisfaction with service quality using American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSI Model). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 1, 232-258.
54. Apleni, L., Vallabh, D., & Henama, U.S. (2017). Motivation for tourists' participation in religious tourism in the Eastern Cape: A case study of Buffalo City, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(2), 1-14.
55. Argyle, M. (1996). Subjective well-being. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), In pursuit of the quality of life (pp. 18-45).
56. Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality: Vol. I. Psychological aspects.
57. Arrondo, R., Cárcaba, A., & González, E. (2021). Drivers of subjective well-being in spain: are there gender differences? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(5), 2131-2154.
58. Augusto de Matos, C., Luiz Henrique, J., & De Rosa, F. (2009). The different roles of switching costs on the satisfaction‐loyalty relationship. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(7), 506-523.
59. Backman, S. J., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). The usefulness of selected variables for predicting activity loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 205-220.
60. Backman, S. J., & Veldkamp, C. (1995). Examination of the relationship between service quality and user loyalty. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 13(2), 29-41.
61. Bagozzi, R. P., Gopinath, M., & Nyer, P. U. (1999). The role of emotions in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(2), 184-206.
62. Bai, Y., Maruskin, L. A., Chen, S., Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., McNeil, G. D., ... & Keltner, D. (2017). Awe, the diminished self, and collective engagement: Universals and cultural variations in the small self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 185.
63. Bai, Y., Ocampo, J., Jin, G., Chen, S., Benet-Martinez, V., Monroy, M., ... & Keltner, D. (2021). Awe, daily stress, and elevated life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120(4), 837.
64. Baloglu, S., Busser, J., & Cain, L. (2019). Impact of experience on emotional well-being and loyalty. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(4), 427-445.
65. Balsam, K. F., Huang, B., Fieland, K. C., Simoni, J. M., & Walters, K. L. (2004). Culture, trauma, and wellness: A comparison of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and two-spirit Native Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 287.
66. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
67. Bastiaansen, M., Lub, X. D., Mitas, O., Jung, T. H., Ascenção, M. P., Han, D. I., ... & Strijbosch, W. (2019). Emotions as core building blocks of an experience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(2), 651-668.
68. Bastian, B., Kuppens, P., De Roover, K., & Diener, E. (2014). Is valuing positive emotion associated with life satisfaction? Emotion, 14(4), 639.
69. Baumann, C., Elliott, G., & Hamin, H. (2011). Modelling customer loyalty in financial services: A hybrid of formative and reflective constructs. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 29(3), 247–267.
70. Behr, D. (2017). Assessing the use of back translation: The shortcomings of back translation as a quality testing method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), 573-584.
71. Belloumi, M. (2010). The relationship between tourism receipts, real effective exchange rate and economic growth in Tunisia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 550–560.
72. Bentahila, L., Fontaine, R., & Pennequin, V. (2021). Universality and cultural diversity in moral reasoning and judgment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 764360.
73. Berger, B. G., Pargman, D., & Weinberg, R. S. (2002). Foundations of exercise psychology. Fitness Information Technology.
74. Berry, Z., Lewis Jr, N. A., & Sowden, W. J. (2021). The double-edged sword of loyalty. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(4), 321-326.
75. Blasco-Belled, A., Rogoza, R., Torrelles-Nadal, C., & Alsinet, C. (2020). Emotional intelligence structure and its relationship with life satisfaction and happiness: New findings from the bifactor model. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(6), 2031-2049.
76. Bond, N., & Falk, J. (2013). Tourism and identity-related motivations: Why am I here (and not there)? International Journal of Tourism Research, 15, 430-442.
77. Bonner, E. T., & Friedman, H. L. (2011). A conceptual clarification of the experience of awe: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. The Humanistic Psychologist, 39(3), 222-235.
78. Boynton, P. M., & Greenhalgh, T. (2004). Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire. BMJ, 328(7451), 1312-1315.
79. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being.
80. Burhanudin, B. (2024). Masstige marketing: Addressing short‐term and long‐term happiness. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(1), e12893.
81. Burke, E. (1990). Philosophical inquiry into the ideas of the sublime and the beautiful. Oxford University Press.
82. Cai, W., McKenna, B., & Waizenegger, L. (2019). Turning it off: Emotions in digital-free travel. Journal of Travel Research.
83. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. (1995). Cambridge University Press.
84. Canals, L. (2017). Instruments for Gathering Data. Research-publishing. net. La Grange des Noyes, 25110 Voillans, France.
85. Carmines, E. G., & Zeller, R. A. (1979). Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Publications.
86. Chang, L.-L., Backman, K. F., & Huang, Y. C. (2014). Creative tourism: A preliminary examination of creative tourists’ motivation, experience, perceived value and revisit intention. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(4), 401-419.
87. Chen, C. C., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). Health and wellness benefits of travel experiences: A literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 709-719.
88. Chen, C., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31, 29-35.
89. Chen, H. T., & Li, X. (2017). The contribution of mobile social media to social capital and psychological well-being: Examining the role of communicative use, friending and self-disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 958-965.
90. Chen, H., Bernard, S., & Rahman, I. (2019). Greenishing in hotels: A structural model of trust and behavioral intentions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 326-335.
91. Chen, H., & Rahman, I. (2018). Cultural tourism: An analysis of engagement, cultural contact, memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty. Tourism management perspectives, 26, 153-163.
92. Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2001). An investigation of tourists’ destination loyalty and preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79-85.
93. Chen, R., Bai, K., & Luo, Q. (2021). To help or not to help: The effects of awe on residents and tourists’ helping behaviour in tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(7), 682-695.
94. Chhabra, D., Healy, R., & Sills, E. (2003). Staged authenticity and heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 702-719.
95. Chi, G. (2005). A study of developing destination loyalty model. Oklahoma State University.
96. Chi, M. T. (2005). Commonsense conceptions of emergent processes: Why some misconceptions are robust. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(2), 161-199.
97. Chirico, A., & Yaden, D. B. (2018). Awe: a self-transcendent and sometimes transformative emotion. The function of emotions: When and why emotions help us, 221-233.
98. Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97.
99. Chiu, C. L., Wang, Q., Ho, H. C., Zhang, J., & Zhao, F. (2019). Metrosexual trend in facial care products: Analysis of factors that influence young Chinese men purchasing intention. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 10(4), 377-397.
100. Chiu, J. N. (2005). Tourists' Awareness and Satisfaction of Agricultural Tourism: A Case Study of Agricultural Tourism Organized by Taipei City Farmers' Association. Master's thesis, Graduate Institute of Geography, National Chengchi University.
101. Cifci, I., Rather, R. A., Taspinar, O., & Altunel, G. K. (2023). Demystifying destination attachment, self-congruity and revisiting intention in dark tourism destinations through the gender-based lens. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-17.
102. Clark, V. L. P., & Ivankova, N. V. (2017). Mixed methods research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 305-306.
103. Cocking, D. (2014). Aristotle, Friendship and Virtue. Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 68(267 (1)), 83–90.
104. Coghlan, A., Buckley, R., & Weaver, D. (2012). A framework for analysing awe in tourism experiences. Tourism Research, 32(3), 689-710.
105. Cohen, E., & Cohen, S. A. (2012). Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(4), 2177-2202.
106. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2006). Marketing research. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
107. Coughlan, R. (2005). Employee loyalty as adherence to shared moral values. Journal of Managerial Issues, 43-57.
108. Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications.
109. Day, G. S. (1969). A two-dimensional concept of brand loyalty. Journal of Advertising Research, 9, 29-35.
110. Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113.
111. Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105.
112. Diener, E., Napa Scollon, C., & Lucas, R. E. (2009). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. In Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener (pp. 67-100).
113. Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 403-425.
114. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276.
115. Dimitrovski, D., & Crespi-Vallbona, M. (2017). Role of food neophilia in food market tourists’ motivational construct: The case of La Boqueria in Barcelona, Spain. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(4), 475-487.
116. Dong, J. F., & Pei, Y. L. (2014). A study on tourist satisfaction evaluation of Jiezhou Guandi Temple using Philip Kotler's assessment model. Jiangsu Commercial Forum, (04), 36-38+57.
117. Dong, R., & Ni, S. G. (2020). Openness to experience, extraversion, and subjective well-being among Chinese college students: The mediating role of dispositional awe. Psychological Reports, 123(3), 903-928.
118. Dush, C. M. K., & Amato, P. R. (2005). Consequences of relationship status and quality for subjective well-being. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 607-627.
119. Dwivedi, A., Nayeem, T., & Murshed, F. (2018). Brand experience and consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) a price premium: Mediating role of brand credibility and perceived uniqueness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 100-107.
120. Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: inter-and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 869.
121. Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200.
122. Emmons, R. A. (2005). Emotion and religion. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (pp. 235-252). The Guilford Press.
123. Eva, N., Parameitha, D. D., Farah, F. A. M., & Nurfitriana, F. (2020). Academic resilience and subjective well-being amongst college students using online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. KnE Social Sciences, 202-214.
124. Eysenck, M. W., & Keane, M. T. (2005). Cognitive Psychology: A Student's Handbook (5th ed.). Psychology Press.
125. Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
126. Fiske, A. P. (1991). Structures of Social Life: The Four Elementary Forms of Human Relations. Free Press.
127. Fiske, A. P., & Haslam, N. (2005). The four basic social bonds. Interpersonal cognition, 267, 298.
128. Formosa, J., Johnson, D., Türkay, S., & Mandryk, R. L. (2022). Need satisfaction, passion and well-being effects of videogame play prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107232.
129. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research (pre-1986), 18(000003), 382.
130. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). Cultivated emotions: Parental socialization of positive emotions and self-conscious emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 279-281.
131. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The Emotions. Cambridge University Press.
132. Fu, Y. N., Feng, R., Liu, Q., He, Y., Turel, O., Zhang, S., & He, Q. (2022). Awe and prosocial behavior: The mediating role of presence of meaning in life and the moderating role of perceived social support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6466.
133. Galí-Espelt, N. (2012). Identifying cultural tourism: A theoretical methodological proposal. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 7(1), 45-58.
134. Gan, M. F. (2015). The "commercialization" appearance and motivation of temple tourism sites. Knowledge Economy, (20), 77-78+80.
135. Gannon, M. J. (2011). Cultural Metaphors: Their Use in Management Practice as a Method for Understanding Cultures. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 7(1).
136. Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2002). A study of the impact of the expectation of a holiday on an individual's sense of well-being. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(4), 352-361.
137. Girard, L. F., & Nijkamp, P. (Eds.). (2009). Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Local Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
138. González-Rodríguez, M. R., Díaz-Fernández, M. C., & Pino-Mejías, M. Á. (2020). The impact of virtual reality technology on tourists’ experience: A textual data analysis. Soft Computing, 24(18), 13879-13892.
139. Gordon, A. M., Stellar, J. E., Anderson, C. L., McNeil, G. D., Loew, D., & Keltner, D. (2017). The dark side of the sublime: Distinguishing a threat-based variant of awe. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(2), 310.
140. Grappi, S., & Montanari, F. (2011). The role of social identification
141. Griskevicius, V., Shiota, M. N., & Neufeld, S. L. (2010). Influence of different positive emotions on persuasion processing: a functional evolutionary approach. Emotion, 10(2), 190.
142. Grissemann, U. S., & Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. (2012). Customer co-creation of travel services: The role of company support and customer satisfaction with the co-creation performance. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1483-1492.
143. Haidt, J., Patrick Seder, J., & Kesebir, S. (2008). Hive psychology, happiness, and public policy. The Journal of Legal Studies, 37(S2), S133-S156.
144. Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107-123.
145. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
146. Hair, J. F. (2011). Multivariate data analysis: An overview. International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science, 904-907.
147. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12.
148. Halbrook, Y. J., O’Donnell, A. T., & Msetfi, R. M. (2019). When and how video games can be good: A review of the positive effects of video games on well-being. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 1096-1104.
149. Hallak, R., Assaker, G., & El-Haddad, R. (2018). Re-examining the relationships among perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and destination loyalty: A higher-order structural model. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 24(2), 118-135.
150. Halpenny, E. A., Kulczycki, C., & Moghimehfar, F. (2016). Factors effecting destination and event loyalty: Examining the sustainability of a recurrent small-scale running event at Banff National Park. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 20(3-4), 233-262.
151. Halstead, J. M., & Halstead, A. O. (2004). Awe, tragedy and the human condition. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 9(2), 163-175.
152. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2012). An extension of the four-stage loyalty model: The critical role of positive switching barriers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(1), 40–56.
153. Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2019). Green indoor and outdoor environment as nature‐based solution and its role in increasing customer/employee mental health, well‐being, and loyalty. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(4), 629-641.
154. Han, H., Al-Ansi, A., Chi, X., Baek, H., & Lee, K. S. (2020). Impact of environmental CSR, service quality, emotional attachment, and price perception on word-of-mouth for full-service airlines. Sustainability, 12(10), 3974.
155. He, S. H. (2020). Industrial cultural cognition and the enhancement of knowledge economy development - Taking the Rush Straw Culture Hall as an example. Journal of Leisure Research, 10(1).
156. He, X., Su, L., & Swanson, S. R. (2020). The service quality to subjective well-being of Chinese tourists connection: A model with replications. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(16), 2076-2092.
157. Heidari, A., Yazdani, H. R., Saghafi, F., & Jalilvand, M. R. (2021). A networking approach to analyzing religious tourism businesses: The case of Al-Atabat Al-Aliyat in Iraq. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(2), 427-450.
158. Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(1), 2-20.
159. Hewison, R. (1987). The Heritage Industry: Britain in a Climate of Decline.
160. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(7), 1073-1082.
161. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states (Vol. 25). Harvard University Press.
162. Hollebeek, L. D. (2018). Individual-level cultural consumer engagement styles: Conceptualization, propositions and implications. International Marketing Review.
163. Howard L Hughes. (1998). Theatre in London and the inter-relationship with tourism. Tourism Management, 19(5), 445-452.
164. Howat, G., & Assaker, G. (2013). The hierarchical effects of perceived quality on perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: Empirical results from public, outdoor aquatic centres in Australia. Sport Management Review, 16(3), 268-284.
165. Huang, E., Hsu, M. H., & Yen, Y. R. (2008). Understanding participant loyalty intentions in virtual communities. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science & Applications, 4(5), 497-511.
166. Huang, K. (2018). Voices from the Margin: Journey of sacredness: Assessing how commercial activities in China affect religious tourists’ spiritual values: Supervisors: Professor Philip Pearce Dr Tracey Harrison-Hill Institution awarding the Ph. D. Degree: James Cook University Date of defence: 18/04/2017. European Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 145-148.
167. Hughes, H., Allen, D., & Isik, D. (2003). The significance of European "Capital of Culture" for tourism and culture: The case of Krakow 2000. International Journal of Arts Management, 12-23.
168. Humphrey, R. H. (2013). The benefits of emotional intelligence and empathy to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 287-294.
169. Huta, V., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762.
170. Hwang, S., Lee, M., Park, E., & del Pobil, A. P. (2021). Determinants of customer brand loyalty in the retail industry: A comparison between national and private brands in South Korea. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102684.
171. Ivanovic, M. (2008). Cultural tourism. Juta and Company Ltd.
172. Izogo, E. E. (2015). Determinants of attitudinal loyalty in Nigerian telecom service sector: Does commitment play a mediating role? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 23, 107-117.
173. Jacoby, J., & Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand loyalty: Measurement and management. John Wiley & Sons Incorporated.
174. Jacoby, J., & Kyner, D. B. (1973). Brand loyalty vs. repeat purchasing behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 1-9.
175. Jamaludin, N. L., Sam, D. L., Sandal, G. M., & Adam, A. A. (2016a). The influence of perceived discrimination, orientation to mainstream culture and life satisfaction on destination loyalty intentions: The case of international students. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16.
176. James, W. (1929). The varieties of religious experience: a study in human nature; being the Gifford lectures on natural religion (Vol. 70). Modern library.
177. Jarvis, L. P., & Wilcox, J. B. (1976). Repeat purchasing behavior and attitudinal brand loyalty: Additional evidence. Marketing, 151-152.
178. Javalgi, R. R. G., & Moberg, C. R. (1997). Service loyalty: implications for service providers. Journal of Services Marketing, 11(3), 165-179.
179. Jiang, J., Gao, B. W., & Su, X. (2022). Antecedents of Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Perspective of Awe. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
180. Jiang, T., Ryan, C., & Zhang, C. (2018). The spiritual or secular tourist? The experience of Zen meditation in Chinese temples. Tourism Management, 65, 187-199.
181. Joshanloo, M. (2019). Investigating the relationships between subjective well-being and psychological well-being over two decades. Emotion, 19(1), 183.
182. Jumanazarov, S., Kamilov, A., & Kiatkawsin, K. (2020). Impact of Samarkand’s destination attributes on international tourists’ revisit and word-of-mouth intention. Sustainability, 12(12), 5154–5171.
183. Kahan, D.M. (2012). Cultural Cognition as a Conception of the Cultural Theory of Risk. In: Roeser, S., Hillerbrand, R., Sandin, P., Peterson, M. (eds) Handbook of Risk Theory. Springer, Dordrecht.
184. Kahan, Dan & Braman, Donald & Gastil, John & Slovic, Paul & Mertz, C. (2007). Culture and Identity‐Protective Cognition: Explaining the White‐Male Effect in Risk Perception. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies., 4(3), 465-505.
185. Kahan, Dan, M., Jenkins-Smith, Hank, Braman, & Donald. (2011). Cultural cognition of scientific consensus. Journal of Risk Research., 14(2), 147-174.
186. Kant, I. (2012). The science of right. Simon and Schuster.
187. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2003). Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 17(2), 297-314.
188. Kern, M. L., Waters, L. E., Adler, A., & White, M. A. (2015). A multidimensional approach to measuring well-being in students: Application of the PERMA framework. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 262-271.
189. Keyes, C. L., & Waterman, M. B. (2003). Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. In Well-being (pp. 477-497). Psychology Press.
190. Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(sup1), S76-S96.
191. Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., & Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(sup1), S76-S96.
192. Kim, J. H. (2018). The impact of memorable tourism experiences on loyalty behaviors: The mediating effects of destination image and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 57(7), 856-870.
193. Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Can sustainable restaurant practices enhance customer loyalty? The roles of value theory and environmental concerns. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 127-138.
194. Kim, Y. J., Park, J. S., & Jeon, H. M. (2021). Experiential value, satisfaction, brand love, and brand loyalty toward robot barista coffee shop: The moderating effect of generation. Sustainability, 13(21), 12029.
195. Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., Kawamura, T., & Larsen, J. T. (2003). Perceiving an object and its context in different cultures: A cultural look at new look. Psychological Science, 14(3), 201-206.
196. Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications.
197. Knobloch, U., Robertson, K., & Aitken, R. (2017). Experience, emotion, and eudaimonia: A consideration of tourist experiences and well-being. Journal of Travel Research, 56(5), 651-662.
198. Kobylińska, D., Zajenkowski, M., Lewczuk, K., Jankowski, K. S., & Marchlewska, M. (2020). The mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 1-14.
199. Koh, E., Fakfare, P., & Pongwat, A. (2022). The limits of Thai hospitality–perceived impact of tourism development on residents’ well-being in Chiang Mai. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(1), 187-209.
200. Koronios, K., Ntasis, L., Dimitropoulos, P., & Ratten, V. (2022). Not just intentions: Predicting actual purchase behavior in sport sponsorship context. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 12(1), 4-28.
201. Krause, N., & Hayward, R. D. (2015). Assessing whether practical wisdom and awe of God are associated with life satisfaction. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 7(1), 51.
202. Krogh-Jespersen, S., Quinn, K. A., Krenzer, W. L., Nguyen, C., Greenslit, J., & Price, C. A. (2020). Exploring the awe-some: Mobile eye-tracking insights into awe in a science museum. PLoS One, 15(9), e0239204.
203. Kusdibyo, L. (2022). Tourist loyalty to hot springs destination: the role of tourist motivation, destination image, and tourist satisfaction. Leisure/Loisir, 46(3), 381-408.
204. Ladd, J. (1972). Loyalty. In P. Edwards (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Vol. 5, pp. 97–98). London, UK: Collier Macmillan.
205. Ladhari, R., Souiden, N., & Ladhari, I. (2011). Determinants of loyalty and recommendation: The role of natural environment, emotional satisfaction and image. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 16, 111-124.
206. Lam, W. S. E. (2006). Culture and learning in the context of globalization: Research directions. Review of research in education, 213-237.
207. Lam-González Y E, León C J, de León J. (2019). Coopetition in maritime tourism: Assessing the effect of previous islands' choice and experience in tourist satisfaction [J]. Sustainability, 11(22): 6334.
208. Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Cognition and motivation in emotion. American Psychologist, 46(4), 352.
209. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
210. Lee, Y. K., Kim, S., Kim, M. S., & Choi, J. G. (2014). Antecedents and interrelationships of three types of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 67(10), 2097-2105.
211. Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(1), 93-105.
212. Li, Y., Wu, X., Chu, Y. J., & Guo, Y. J. (2022). The impact of transformative tourism experiences on prosocial behaviors of college students: Multiple chain mediating effects of dispositional awe and social connectedness. Sustainability, 14(20), 13626.
213. Liang, Y., & Zhu, D. (2015). Subjective well-being of Chinese landless peasants in relatively developed regions: Measurement using PANAS and SWLS. Social Indicators Research, 123, 817-835.
214. Liang, Z. X., & Hui, T. K. (2016). Residents’ quality of life and attitudes toward tourism development in China. Tourism Management, 57, 56-67.
215. Lin, C.-H. (2014). Effects of cuisine experience, psychological well-being, and self-health perception on the revisit intention of hot springs tourists. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38(2), 243–265.
216. Lin, L. F., Huang, G. H., & Wang, Y. (2010). A study on the authenticity evaluation system of ethnic cultural tourism products based on factor analysis. Human Geography, (01), 39-43.
217. Lin, Z., Chen, Y., & Filieri, R. (2017). Resident-tourist value co-creation: The role of residents' perceived tourism impacts and life satisfaction. Tourism Management, 61, 436-442.
218. Lischetzke, T., & Eid, M. (2003). Is attention to feelings beneficial or detrimental to affective well-being? Mood regulation as a moderator variable. Emotion, 3(4), 361.
219. Liu, J., & Teng, J. L. (2021). The driving mechanism of awe and pride to tourists civilized behavioral intention in the development of red tourism resources. Journal of Natural Resources, 36(7), 1760-1776.
220. Liu, J., Huo, Y., Wang, J., Bai, Y., Zhao, M., & Di, M. (2023). Awe of nature and well-being: Roles of nature connectedness and powerlessness. Personality and Individual Differences, 201, 111946.
221. Lloyd, K. M., & Auld, C. J. (2002). The role of leisure in determining quality of life: Issues of content and measurement. Social Indicators Research, 43-71.
222. Lopes, E. L., & da Silva, M. A. (2015). The effect of justice in the history of loyalty: A study in failure recovery in the retail context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 24, 110-120.
223. Lowenthal, D. (2015). The past is a foreign country-revisited. Cambridge University Press.
224. Lu, D., Liu, Y., Lai, I., & Yang, L. (2017). Awe: An important emotional experience in sustainable tourism. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 9, Issue 12). MDPI.
225. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803.
226. Ma, J., Gao, J., Scott, N., & Ding, P. (2013). Customer delight from theme park experiences: The antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 359-381.
227. Mabkhot, H. A., Shaari, H., & Md Salleh, S. (2017). The influence of brand image and brand personality on brand loyalty, mediating by brand trust: An empirical study. Jurnal Pengurusan, 50, 71-82.
228. Maddux, J. E. (2017). Subjective well-being and life satisfaction: An introduction to conceptions, theories, and measures. In Subjective well-being and life satisfaction (pp. 3-31). Routledge.
229. Margolis, S., Schwitzgebel, E., Ozer, D. J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019). A new measure of life satisfaction: The Riverside Life Satisfaction Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(6), 621-630.
230. Martin, D., O'Neill, M., Hubbard, S., & Palmer, A. (2008). The role of emotion in explaining consumer satisfaction and future behavioral intention. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(3), 224-236.
231. Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and psychology. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning.
232. Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate behavioral research, 46(5), 816-841.
233. McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42-65.
234. McDougall, W. (1926). An introduction to social psychology. Boston, MA: John W. Luce & Co.
235. McGregor, A. J., Markowitz, J. S., Forrester, J., & Shader, R. I. (2017). Joining the effort: The challenges in establishing guidelines for sex-and gender-specific research design in clinical therapeutic studies. Clinical Therapeutics, 39(10), 1912-1916.
236. Mokoena, L.G. (2020). Cultural tourism: Cultural presentation at the Basotho Cultural Village, Free State, South Africa. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 8(4), 470-490.
237. Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development. Emotion review, 5(2), 119-124.
238. Mousavi, S. S., Doratli, N., Mousavi, S. N., & Moradiahari, F. (2016, December). Defining cultural tourism. In International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable Development (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 70-75).
239. Mursid, A., & Wu, C. H. J. (2022). Customer participation, value co-creation and customer loyalty: Evidence from Umrah travel agencies in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(3), 628-648.
240. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19.
241. Nawijn, J. (2011). Determinants of daily happiness on vacation. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 559-566.
242. Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
243. Nguyen, T. H. H., & Cheung, C. (2016). Chinese heritage tourists to heritage sites: What are the effects of heritage motivation and perceived authenticity on satisfaction? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(11), 1155-1168.
244. Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4_suppl1), 33–44.
245. Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative report, 12(2), 281-316.
246. Oppermann, M. (2000). Tourism destination loyalty. Journal of travel research, 39(1), 78-84.
247. Oviedo-García, M. Á., Vega-Vázquez, M., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., & Orgaz-Agüera, F. (2019). Tourism in protected areas and the impact of services cape on tourist satisfaction, key in sustainability. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 12, 74-83.
248. Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 25–39.
249. Pathak, V., Jena, B., & Kalra, S. (2013). Qualitative research. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 4(3).
250. Patwardhan, V., Ribeiro, M. A., Woosnam, K. M., Payini, V., & Mallya, J. (2020). Visitors' loyalty to religious tourism destinations: Considering place attachment, emotional experience and religious affiliation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100737.
251. Pearce, J., Strickland-Munro, J., & Moore, S. A. (2017). What fosters awe-inspiring experiences in nature-based tourism destinations? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(3), 362-378.
252. Pearce, P., Filep, S., & Ross, G. (2010). Tourists, tourism and the good life (Vol. 20). Routledge.
253. Pestana, M. H., Parreira, A., & Moutinho, L. (2020). Motivations, emotions and satisfaction: The keys to a tourism destination choice. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 16, 100332.
254. Pham, L. L. D., Eves, A., & Wang, X. L. (2023). Understanding tourists’ consumption emotions in street food experiences. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 392-403.
255. Phillips, D. (2006). Quality of life: Concept, policy and practice. Routledge.
256. Piff, P. K., Dietze, P., Feinberg, M., Stancato, D. M., & Keltner, D. (2015). Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(6), 883.
257. Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy (Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 97-105). Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard Business Review Press.
258. Pizarro, J. J., Basabe, N., & Fernández, I. (2021). Self-transcendent emotions and their social effects: Awe, elevation and Kama Muta promote a human identification and motivations to help others. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:709859.
259. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
260. Powell, R.B., Brownlee, M.T.J., Kellert, S.R., & Ham, S.H. (2012). From awe to satisfaction: Immediate affective responses to the Antarctic tourism experience. Polar Record, 48(2), 145–156.
261. Prade, C., & Saroglou, V. (2016). Awe’s effects on generosity and helping. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11(5), 522-530.
262. Prayag, G., Hosany, S., & Odeh, K. (2013). The role of tourists’ emotional experiences and satisfaction in understanding behavioral intentions. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2(2), 118–127.
263. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891.
264. Price, C. A., Greenslit, J. N., Applebaum, L., Harris, N., Segovia, G., Quinn, K. A., & Krogh-Jespersen, S. (2021). Awe & memories of learning in science and art museums. Visitor Studies, 24(2), 137-165.
265. Pritchard, A. (2018). Predicting the next decade of tourism gender research. Tourism Management Perspectives, 25, 144-146.
266. Qiu, H., Wang, X., Morrison, A. M., Kelly, C., & Wei, W. (2022). From ownership to responsibility: extending the theory of planned behavior to predict tourist environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-24.
267. Qiu, R.T.R., Liu, A., Stienmetz, J.L., & Yu, Y. (2021). Timing matters: crisis severity and occupancy rate forecasts in social unrest periods. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(6), 2044-2064.
268. Rahimi, A., & Bigdeli, R. A. (2014). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions in second language learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 795-801.
269. Rahmani, K., Gnoth, J., & Mather, D. (2018). Hedonic and eudaimonic well-being: A psycholinguistic view. Tourism Management, 69, 155-166.
270. Ramukumba, T. (2018). Tourists' revisit intentions based on purpose of visit and preference of the destination: A case study of Tsitsikamma National Park. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(1), 1-10.
271. Rand, G. E. D., Heath, E., & Alberts, N. (2003). The role of local and regional food in destination marketing: A South African situation analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 14(3-4), 97-112.
272. Rath, T., Harter, J. K., & Harter, J. (2010). Well-being: The five essential elements. Simon and Schuster.
273. Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.
274. Reisenzein, R. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion: two decades later. Psychological Bulletin, 94(2), 239.
275. Richard A. Heiens & Larry P. Pleshko PhD (1996). Categories of customer loyalty. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 3(1), 1-12.
276. Richards, G. (1996). Production and consumption of European cultural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 261-283.
277. Richards, G. (2018). Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 36, 12-21.
278. Richards, G. (Ed.). (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. CABI Publishing.
279. Robinson, M., & Picard, D. (Eds.). (2016). Emotion in motion: Tourism, affect and transformation. Routledge.
280. Rodrigues, A., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Prayag, G. (2022). The wow effect and behavioral intentions of tourists to astrotourism experiences: Mediating effects of satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 362-375.
281. Roth, G. (1975). Socio-historical model and developmental theory: Charismatic community, charisma of reason and the counterculture. American Sociological Review, 148-157.
282. Roscoe, A. M., Lang, D., & Sheth, J. N. (1975). Follow-up Methods, Questionnaire Length, and Market Differences in Mail Surveys: In this experimental test, a telephone reminder produced the best response rate and questionnaire length had no effect on rate of return. Journal of Marketing, 39(2), 20-27.
283. Rudd, M., Vohs, K. D., & Aaker, J. (2012). Awe expands people’s perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1130-1136.
284. Ruiz-Mafe, C., Bigne-Alcaniz, E., & Currás-Pérez, R. (2020). The effect of emotions, eWOM quality and online review sequence on consumer intention to follow advice obtained from digital services. Journal of Service Management, 31(3), 465-487.
285. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
286. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069.
287. Ryff, C. D. (2013). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10-28.
288. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719.
289. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39.
290. Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2022). Personal values across cultures. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 517-546.
291. Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010). A scale to measure nonattachment: A Buddhist complement to Western research on attachment and adaptive functioning. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 116-127.
292. Salegna, G. J., & Goodwin, S. A. (2009). Consumer loyalty to service providers: an integrated conceptual model. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 18, 51-67.
293. Schmader, T., & Lickel, B. (2006). The approach and avoidance function of guilt and shame emotions: Comparing reactions to self-caused and other-caused wrongdoing. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 42-55.
294. Schurtz, D. R., Blincoe, S., Smith, R. H., Powell, C. A., Combs, D. J., & Kim, S. H. (2012). Exploring the social aspects of goose bumps and their role in awe and envy. Motivation and Emotion, 36(2), 205-217.
295. Scollon, R., Scollon, S. W., & Jones, R. H. (2012). Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Wiley-Blackwell.
296. Seaton, C. L., & Beaumont, S. L. (2015). Pursuing the good life: A short-term follow-up study of the role of positive/negative emotions and ego-resilience in personal goal striving and eudaimonic well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 813-826.
297. Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business – A Skill Building Approach (4th Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA.
298. Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C.R. Snyder & S.J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp. 3-12). Oxford University Press.
299. Sharifian, F. (2015). Cultural Linguistics and world Englishes. World Englishes, 34(4), 515-532.
300. Shaw, A., DeScioli, P., Barakzai, A., & Kurzban, R. (2017). Whoever is not with me is against me: The costs of neutrality among friends. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 71, 96-104.
301. Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., & Mossman, A. (2007). The nature of awe: Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition and Emotion, 21(5), 944-963.
302. Short, J. C., Ketchen Jr, D. J., & Palmer, T. B. (2002). The role of sampling in strategic management research on performance: A two-study analysis. Journal of Management, 28(3), 363-385.
303. Sie, L., Pegg, S., & Phelan, K. V. (2021). Senior tourists’ self-determined motivations, tour preferences, memorable experiences and subjective well-being: An integrative hierarchical model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, 237-251.
304. Sigala, M., & Steriopoulos, E. (2021). Does emotional engagement matter in dark tourism? Implications drawn from a reflective approach. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 16(4), 412-432.
305. Silton, R. L., Kahrilas, I. J., Skymba, H. V., Smith, J., Bryant, F. B., & Heller, W. (2020). Regulating positive emotions: Implications for promoting well-being in individuals with depression. Emotion, 20(1), 93.
306. Singleton, R., & Straits, B. (2010). Survey research. In Approaches to Social Research (pp. 263-308). Oxford University Press.
307. Smith, M. K., & Diekmann, A. (2017). Tourism and well-being. Annals of Tourism Research, 66, 1-13.
308. Smith, M. K., & Richards, G. (Eds.). (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Tourism. Routledge.
309. Song, G., Silva, C. L., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C.. (2014). Cultural worldview and preference for childhood vaccination policy. Policy Studies Journal, 42(4), 528-554.
310. Stellar, J. E., Gordon, A., Anderson, C. L., Piff, P. K., McNeil, G. D., & Keltner, D. (2018). Awe and humility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(2), 258.
311. Stone, A. A., & Mackie, C. E. (2013). Subjective well-being: Measuring happiness, suffering, and other dimensions of experience. National Academies Press.
312. Su, L., & Hsu, M. K. (2013). Service fairness, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions: The experience of Chinese heritage tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(8), 786–805.
313. Su, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., & Huang, Y. (2020). Awe of intangible cultural heritage: the perspective of ICH tourists. Sage Open, 10(3), 2158244020941467.
314. Suhartanto, D., Brien, A., Primiana, I., et al. (2020). Tourist loyalty in creative tourism: The role of experience quality, value, satisfaction, and motivation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(7), 867–879.
315. Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541-542.
316. Sundararajan, L. (2002). Religious awe: Potential contributions of negative theology to psychology, "positive" or otherwise. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 22(2), 174.
317. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
318. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Experimental designs using ANOVA (Vol. 724). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.
319. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. How to choose a sampling technique for research (April 10, 2016).
320. Timothy, D. J., & Boyd, S. W. (2006). Heritage tourism in the 21st century: Valued traditions and new perspectives. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1(1), 1-16.
321. Tinkler, L., & Hicks, S. (2011). Measuring subjective well-being. Office for National Statistics.
322. Tomkins, S. (1962). Affect imagery consciousness: Volume I: The positive affects. Springer Publishing Company.
323. Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357.
324. Triandis, H. C. (1972). The analysis of subjective culture. Wiley-Interscience.
325. Tsaur, S. H., Wang, Y. C., Liu, C. R., & Huang, W. S. (2019). Festival attachment: Antecedents and effects on place attachment and place loyalty. International Journal of Event and Festival Management., 10(1), 17-33.
326. Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320.
327. Tylor, E. B. (1891). Primitive culture: Researches into the development of mythology. J. Murray.
328. UNWTO. (2011). World Tourism Barometer. World Tourism Organization.
329. UNWTO. (2020). International tourism highlights. Madrid: UNWTO.
330. UNWTO. (2021). Vaccines and reopen borders driving tourism’s recovery.
331. Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244-261.
332. Vada, S., Prentice, C., & Hsiao, A. (2019). The influence of tourism experience and well-being on place attachment. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 47, 322-330.
333. Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. clemson international institute for tourism. & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, 4-5.
334. Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 296.
335. Van Cappellen, P., & Saroglou, V. (2012). Awe activates religious and spiritual feelings and behavioral intentions. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(3), 223.
336. Veenhoven, R. (2011). Happiness: Also known as “life satisfaction” and “subjective well-being”. In Handbook of social indicators and quality of life research (pp. 63-77). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
337. Vogt, C., Jordan, E., Grewe, N., & Kruger, L. (2016). Collaborative tourism planning and subjective well-being in a small island destination. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 36-43.
338. Volo, S. (2021). The experience of emotion: Directions for tourism design. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103097.
339. Walliman, N. (2021). Research methods: The basics. Routledge.
340. Wang, L., & Lyu, J. (2019). Inspiring awe through tourism and its consequence. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 106-116.
341. Wang, L., Fang, B., & Law, R. (2018). Effect of air quality in the place of origin on outbound tourism demand: Disposable income as a moderator. Tourism Management, 68, 152-161.
342. Wang, R., Dai, M., Ou, Y., & Ma, X. (2021). Residents’ happiness of life in rural tourism development. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100612.
343. Wang, X., Lai, I. K. W., & Wang, X. (2023). The influence of girlfriend getaway luxury travel experiences on women's subjective well-being through travel satisfaction: A case study in Macau. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 91-100.
344. Wang, Y. C., Liu, C. R., Huang, W. S., & Chen, S. P. (2020). Destination fascination and destination loyalty: Subjective well-being and destination attachment as mediators. Journal of Travel Research, 59(3), 496-511.
345. Wang, Z., Yang, P., & Li, D. (2021). The influence of heritage tourism destination reputation on tourist consumption behavior: A case study of world cultural heritage shaolin temple. SAGE Open, 11(3).
346. Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. In Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 767-793). Academic Press.
347. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
348. Watson, L., & Spence, M. T. (2007). Causes and consequences of emotions on consumer behaviour: A review and integrative cognitive appraisal theory. European Journal of Marketing, 41(5/6), 487-511.
349. Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, xiii-xxiii.
350. Wei, C., Dai, S. S., Xu, H. G., et al. (2020). Cultural worldview and cultural experience in natural tourism sites. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 241-249.
351. Wen, J., & Huang, S. (2019). The effects of push and pull travel motivations, personal values, and destination familiarity on tourist loyalty: A study of Chinese cigar tourists to Cuba. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), 805-821.
352. Wen, J., Zheng, D., Hou, H., Phau, I., & Wang, W. (2022). Tourism as a dementia treatment based on positive psychology. Tourism Management, 92, 104556.
353. Wilkinson, D., & Birmingham, P. (2003). Using research instruments: A guide for researchers. Psychology Press.
354. Williams, C. (2007). Research methods. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 5(3).
355. Wong, P. T. P. (2011). Positive psychology 2.0: Towards a balanced interactive model of the good life. Canadian Psychology, 52(2), 69–81.
356. Woodward, E. C. (2016). Intergenerational emotion dysregulation: Older adolescent negative perception as a moderator. American University.
357. World Bank. (2021). Global economic prospects June 2021. Washington: World Bank.
358. Woznicki, C. (2020). The awe of the lord is the beginning of knowledge: The significance of awe for theological epistemology. The Expository Times, 131(4), 153-159.
359. Wu, C. H. J., & Liang, R. D. (2009). Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 586-593.
360. Wu, C.H.-J., & Mursid, A. (2020). Loyalty motivations for religious tourism: Indonesian Muslim travelers umrah participating in umrah pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Tourism Review, 75(2), 466-478.
361. Wu, H. C., Wong, J. W. C., & Cheng, C. C. (2014). An empirical study of behavioral intentions in the food festival: The case of Macau. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(11), 1278-1305.
362. Wu, M. Y., & Pearce, P. L. (2016). Tourism blogging motivations: Why do Chinese tourists create little “Lonely Planets”?. Journal of Travel Research, 55(4), 537-549.
363. Xie, C., Huang, Q., Lin, Z., & Chen, Y. (2020). Destination risk perception, image and satisfaction: The moderating effects of public opinion climate of risk. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 122-130.
364. Xu, N. N., Ji, X. Z., & Guo, Y. Z. (2022). A study on the relationship between cultural identity, place attachment, and tourist loyalty. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 10(1), 38-50.
365. Yaden, D. B., Iwry, J., Slack, K. J., Eichstaedt, J. C., Zhao, Y., Vaillant, G. E., & Newberg, A. B. (2016). The overview effect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 1.
366. Yan, A., & Jia, W. (2021). The influence of eliciting awe on pro-environmental behavior of tourist in religious tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 55-65.
367. Yan, N., & Halpenny, E. A. (2022). Tourists’ savoring of positive emotions and place attachment formation: A conceptual paper. Tourism Geographies, 24(2-3), 369-389.
368. Yan, Y. Q., Shen, H. J., Ye, B. H., & Zhou, L. (2022). From axe to awe: Assessing the co-effects of awe and authenticity on industrial heritage tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(17), 2821-2837.
369. Yang, E. C. L., Khoo-Lattimore, C., & Arcodia, C. (2017). A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism. Tourism Management, 58, 89-100.
370. Yang, W., Chen, Q., Huang, X., Xie, M., & Guo, Q. (2022). How do aesthetics and tourist involvement influence cultural identity in heritage tourism? The mediating role of mental experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 990030.
371. Yang, Y., Hu, J., Jing, F., Nguyen, B. (2018). From awe to ecological behavior: The mediating role of connectedness to nature. Sustainability, 10, 2477.
372. Yi, Y., & Jeon, H. (2003). Effects of loyalty programs on value perception, program loyalty, and brand loyalty. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(3), 229-240.
373. Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56.
374. Yu Lan. (2003). The concept of cultural tourism should not be generalized. Journal of Beijing Second Institute of Foreign Languages (03),95-100.
375. Yuan, D., & Jang, G. (2022). Coupling coordination relationship between tourism industry and ecological civilization: A case study of Guangdong Province in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 92.
376. Yüksel, A., & Yüksel, F. (2007). Shopping risk perceptions: Effects on tourists’ emotions, satisfaction and expressed loyalty intentions. Tourism Management, 28(3), 703-713.
377. Yuksel, A., Yuksel, F., & Bilim, Y. (2010). Destination attachment: Effects on customer satisfaction and cognitive, affective and conative loyalty. Tourism Management, 31(2), 274-284.
378. Zainuddin, Z., Radzi, M. S., & Zahari, M. S. M. (2013). Perceived destination competitiveness of Langkawi Island, Malaysia: A preliminary finding. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 105, 801-810.
379. Zdaniuk, B., & Levine, J. M. (2001). Group loyalty: Impact of members' identification and contributions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37(6), 502-509.
380. Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40, 213-223.
381. Zhang, J. J. (2023). Leisure travel as process: understanding the relationship between leisure travel and subjective well-being among older adults. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-12.
382. Zhang, S. W. (2023, March 2nd). Why do young people love temple tours? The Paper. Retrieved from https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_22138282
383. Zhang, T., Chen, J., & Hu, B. (2019). Authenticity, quality, and loyalty: Local food and sustainable tourism experience. Sustainability, 11(12), 3437.
384. Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Lu, J., & He, W. (2018). Relation between awe and environmentalism: The role of social dominance orientation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 418712.
385. Zhao, Minyan et al. 2022. “Enhancing Residents’ Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intentions: The Role of Awe and Place Attachment in Potatso National Park Communities, Tibet.” FORESTS 13(8).
386. Zhou, L., Ye, S., Pearce, P. L., & Wu, M. Y. (2014). Refreshing hotel satisfaction studies by reconfiguring customer review data. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 38, 1-10.
