本校學位論文庫
CITYU Theses & Dissertations
論文詳情
金梓航
葉斌
葡語國家研究院
葡語國家研究博士學位課程(中文學制)
博士
2024
巴西國際商事仲裁法律制度研究-以巴西《仲裁法》及仲裁與司法機關的互動關係為視角
A Study of the Legal Regime of International Commercial Arbitration in Brazil -The Historical Development of Arbitration and the Interaction of the Judiciary as a Perspective
國際商事仲裁 ; 巴西仲裁法 ; 巴西仲裁法律框架 ; 巴西司法機關與仲裁的互動關系
international Commercial Arbitration ; Brazilian Arbitration Law ; Brazilian Legal Framework for Arbitration ; Interaction between the Brazilian Judiciary and Arbitration
公開日期:14/8/2027
本文是對巴西國際商事仲裁法律制度進行的研究,核心研究要點是是探討巴西國際商事仲裁短期內快速發展的原因。在巴西頒布仲裁法以前,巴西的仲裁相關法律制度隱藏在不同的法律當中,以憲法,民法以及民事訴訟法為基礎。巴西仲裁的實踐之所以在早期被成為“害群之馬”,在對巴西仲裁相關法律制度的歷史背景研究當中發現了原因,分別是仲裁條款的效力認定問題以及司法機構對於外國裁決的雙重認證要求,不但背離了現代國際商事仲裁的發展趨勢,同時也嚴重阻礙了巴西國際商事仲裁的順利發展。因此,沒有合適的成文法以及相應的監管框架,對於外來投資者的敵意和不願意簽署規範外國裁決的國際公約使得巴西仲裁法發展產生了嚴重的滯後性。巴西國際商事仲裁環境的轉折是1996年頒佈了巴西《仲裁法》,該法不僅參照了聯合國貿易法委員會制訂的《國際商事仲裁示範法》相關內容,同時在具體規範上也更加貼合國際標準。在巴西仲裁法頒布以後國際仲裁學界以及巴西國內普遍認為仲裁的發展即將得到改善,而來自巴西最高憲法法院對於《仲裁法》的違憲質疑而進行的司法審查又導致了巴西仲裁法正式出臺。違憲原因是巴西憲法原則與巴西仲裁法內容相沖突。在長達5年的憲法審查結束以後,巴西快速的批准了相關關於承認和執行外國裁決的國際公約與區域條約,仲裁數量和仲裁環境得到了質的飛躍。在近期的相關實踐中,值得深入研究的是巴西司法機關與仲裁相關活動的互動關係也有了明顯的改善,尤其是對仲裁不同環節司法幹預限度的減少,採取更多協助的案例以及相關規則等措施來支持仲裁。本文通過對巴西法律的曆史變化,立法背景以及仲裁相關監管框架進行具體的分析,同時還對仲裁法頒布以後,巴西司法機關(法院)與仲裁的互動關系進行論述,得出了巴西仲裁飛速發展的原因是仲裁法的頒布,合憲性審查的通過以及仲裁監管框架的完善,司法機關與仲裁的良性互動關系共同促成的。
This article is a study of the legal regime of international commercial arbitration in Brazil, focusing on the reasons for the rapid development of international commercial arbitration in Brazil in a short period of time. Prior to the enactment of the Brazilian Arbitration Law, the Brazilian arbitration legal system was hidden in various laws based on the Constitution, the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure. The reasons why Brazilian arbitration practice became a "black sheep" in the early years of the Brazilian arbitration system have been identified in the study of the historical background of the Brazilian arbitration system, namely the validity of arbitration clauses and the requirement of double authentication of foreign awards by the judiciary, which not only deviated from the trend of modern international commercial arbitration, but also seriously hindered the rapid development of Brazilian international commercial arbitration in the short term. This is not only a departure from the modern trend of international commercial arbitration, but also a serious obstacle to the smooth development of international commercial arbitration in Brazil. As a result, the lack of an adequate legal and regulatory framework, the hostility towards foreign investors and the reluctance to sign international conventions regulating foreign arbitral awards have led to a significant delay in the development of Brazilian arbitration law. The turning point in the Brazilian international commercial arbitration landscape was the enactment of the Brazilian Arbitration Act in 1996, which not only incorporates the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, but also brings the specific norms more in line with international standards. The enactment of the Brazilian Arbitration Act was followed by a judicial review by the Brazilian Supreme Constitutional Court of a constitutional challenge to the Arbitration Act, which led to the formalisation of the Brazilian Arbitration Act in the light of what was perceived by the international arbitration community and the Brazilian state as an imminent improvement in the development of arbitration. The reason for the unconstitutionality was the conflict between the principles of the Brazilian Constitution and the content of the Brazilian Arbitration Law. At the end of the five-year constitutional review period, Brazil rapidly ratified international conventions and regional treaties on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, resulting in a quantum leap in the number of arbitrations and the arbitral environment. In recent practice, it is worthwhile to examine in detail how the Brazilian judiciary's interaction with arbitration-related activities has improved, in particular the reduction of the limits of judicial intervention in the various aspects of arbitration, the acceptance of more cases of assistance and the adoption of relevant rules to support arbitration. This article analyses the historical changes in Brazilian law, the legislative background and the regulatory framework of arbitration, and also discusses the interaction between the Brazilian judiciary (courts) and arbitration after the enactment of the Arbitration Act, and concludes that the rapid development of Brazilian arbitration is a result of the enactment of the Arbitration Act, the adoption of the constitutional review and the improvement of the regulatory framework of arbitration, as well as the positive interaction between the judiciary and arbitration.
2024
中文
140
致 謝 I
摘 要 IV
Abstract VI
目 錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究意義 1
第二節 研究背景 3
第三節 研究目標與內容 4
第四節 預期成果與創新點 7
第五節 研究方法 8
第六節 文獻綜述 10
第七節 論文難點與不足之處 17
第二章 巴西仲裁法律規則歷史沿革 20
第一節 憲法中的仲裁規則 20
第二節 商法中的的仲裁規則 22
第三節 民法與民事訴訟法中的仲裁規則 23
第三章 巴西關於國際商事仲裁理論分析 25
第一節 巴西對於仲裁的定義分析 28
第二節 國際商事仲裁的特殊法律框架構成 36
第三節 巴西國際商事仲裁理論與仲裁核心原則分析 41
第四章 第9307/1996號法律分析 57
第一節 巴西《仲裁法》的合憲性審查 59
第二節“13129/2006”號仲裁法修正案 63
第三節 巴西《仲裁法》的具體內容分析 65
第五章 巴西司法機構與仲裁的互動關系分析 76
第一節 巴西法院對於仲裁裁決的控制、承認和執行 76
第二節 仲裁當事人雙方對於撤銷裁決的權限 82
第三節 在仲裁地被撤銷的仲裁裁決 84
第六章 巴西關於外國仲裁裁決的國際公約及監管框架分析 86
第一節 《承認和執行外國仲裁裁決公約》(紐約公約) 87
第二節 《美洲國際商事仲裁公約》(巴拿馬公約) 95
第三節 《南美洲區域條約》(拉斯維亞斯議定書) 97
第七章 結論 104
參考文獻 108
附 錄 112
1.師華.(1999).試論巴西的仲裁法律.山西大學學報(哲學社會科學版)(01),33-36.
2.趙懿先 & 魏丹.(2016).巴西仲裁立法改革:友好型仲裁機制的優化.武大國際法評論(01),22-40.doi:10.13871/b.cnki.whuilr.2016.01.002.
3.陳愛飛.(2018-02-23).巴西2015年《仲裁法(修正案)》的最新發展.人民法院報,008.
4.ÁVILA, Humberto. Teoria dos princípios: da definição à aplicação dos princípiosjurídicos. 6. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2006
5.A Emenda Constitucional n.º 45/2004 transferiu a competência para homologação de decisões estrangeiras e concessão de exequatur em cartas rogatórias do Supremo Tribunal Federal para o Superior Tribunal de Justiça
6.A. Redfern and M. Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Sweet and Maxwell, 1993, p.
7.AMAS, Natalia Mizrahi.Introduction and principles applicable to arbitration.In: LEVY, Daniel; PEREIRA, Guilherme Setogutti J. (coord.). Curso de arbitragem.São Paulo: Editora Revista dos Tribunais, 2018, p. 46.
8.Brazil-David, & R. (2011). An examination of the law and practice of international commercial arbitration in brazil. Arbitration International, 27(1), 57-74.
9.Barreira.C.L.(2016).Arbitration and Public Police in Brazil:A Study Based ON “Lula Case”.Panor. Braz. law - Year 4 - Numbers 5 and 6 - 2016 - pp. 223 - 264.
10.Blackaby, N., Partasides, C., & Redfern, A. (2009). Redfern and Hunter on international arbitration..
11.BRAGUETTA, Adriana. A importância da sede da arbitragem, p. 43
12.BRASIL. Supremo Tribunal Federal. Agravo Regimental na Sentença Estrangeira no. 5206. Rel. Min. Sepúlveda Pertence, Tribunal Pleno, 12 de dez. de 2001. Diário da Justiça de 30 de abril de 2004, pp. 29, 13.EMENT vol. 02149-06, pp. 958
14.Carter.J.H(2016)《THE INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION REVIEW》.Published in the UK.by Law Business Research Ltd,2016.
15.CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e teoria da constituição. 7. ed.Coimbra: Almedina, 2003
16.CARMONA, Carlos Alberto.Arbitration and procedure: a commentary on Law no.3. ed. São Paulo, GEN Group, 2012, p. 15
17.CARMONA, Carlos Alberto.Arbitration and procedure: a commentary on Law no.3. ed. São Paulo, GEN Group, 2012, p. 410
18.CARMONA, Carlos Alberto.Arbitration and procedure: a commentary on Law no.3. ed. , 2012
19.CARMONA, Carlos Alberto.Arbitration and procedure: a commentary on Law no.3., p.393
20.CARREIRA ALVIM, José Eduardo. Direito arbitral. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro:Forense, 2004. p. 40
21.CARVALHO, Renata de Freitas.Eficácia da arbitragem através de um pedido de boa fé》。 2021 Dissertation (Master's) - Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Faculty of Law, Postgraduate Studies Programme in Law, 2021 Available
22.Cfr J.W. Rowley (Ed.), Arbitration World, , The European Lawyer, 2006, p. xii; M.Kerr, International Arbitration vLitigation, JBL, 1980, p. 164; R. Goode, H. Kronke, E. McKendrick, Transnational Commercial Law: Text, Cases, andMaterials, cit., p. 624.
23.CHASIN, Ana Carolina da Matta. A assimilação da arbitragem no Brasil: disputas em torno da constituição de uma justiça extraestatal. 2015. 198f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito) –Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2015, p. 113
24.CHIOVENDA, Giuseppe. İnstituições de direito processual civil. Tradução de J.Guimarães Menegale. 3. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1969. v. 1, p. 85.
25.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA.Justiça em números 2015:ano-base 2014. Brasília: , 2015
26.CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Arbitragem. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris,2002. p. 12 e 15.
27.CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Arbitragem. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Lumen Juris,2002. p. 4
28.DIDIER JR., Fredie. Ċurso de direito processual civil. 9. ed. Salvador: JusPodivm,2008. v. 1, p. 27
29.DINIZ, Maria Helena. Tratado teórico e prático dos contratos. 7. ed. São Paulo:Saraiva, 2013. p. 143
30.DOLINGER, Jacob; TIBURCIO, Carmen. Direito internacional privado:arbitragem comercial internacional. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2003. p. 95
31.DWORKIN, Ronald. Levando os direitos a sério. Tradução de Nelson Boeira. 3. ed.São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2010.
32.EIZIRIK, Nelson. A Lei das S.A. comentada. 2. ed. São Paulo: Quartier Latin, 2015.v. II, p. 503.
33.EIZIRIK, Nelson. A Lei das S.A. comentada. 2. ed. São Paulo: Quartier Latin, 2015.v. II, p. 501
34.EIZIRIK, Nelson. A Lei das S.A. comentada. São Paulo: Quartier Latin, 2011. v. II,p. 206.
35.ENOSA, Sílvio de Salvo. Direito civil: teoria geral das obrigações e teoria geraldos contratos. 15. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2015. v. II, p. 411 e 509
36.FELLAS, John.Book Review: Peter Sester .International Arbitration: Law and Practice in Brazil (2020)
37.FERNANDES, Micaela Barros Barcelos. Laudos arbitrais estrangeiros: reconhecimento e execução.Curitiba: Juruá, 2003, p. 184.
38.Fichtner, J. A., Mannheimer, S. N., & Monteiro, A. L. (2019). Teoria geral da arbitragem. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, P.136
39.Fichtner, J. A., Mannheimer, S. N., & Monteiro, A. L. (2019). Teoria geral da arbitragem. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, P.32
40.Fichtner, J. A., Mannheimer, S. N., & Monteiro, A. L. (2019). Teoria geral da arbitragem. Rio de Janeiro: Forense,
41.Fouchard, P., & Goldman, B. (1999). Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman on international commercial arbitration. Kluwer Law International BV.
42.Fouchard, P., & Goldman, B. (1999). Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman on international commercial arbitration. Kluwer Law International BV.
43.Fouchard, P., & Goldman, B. (1999). Fouchard, Gaillard, Goldman on international commercial arbitration. Kluwer Law International BV.
44.FRANCHINI-NETTO, Miguel. Convenção sobre o Reconhecimento e a Execução das Sentenças Arbitrais Estrangeiras, Nova York, 10.6.1958, e Convenção Interamericana sobre Arbitragem Comercial Internacional, 45.Panamá 30.1.1975:Pedido de Ratificação. In: MEDEIROS, Antonio Paulo Cachapuz de (Org.).Pareceres dos consultores jurídicos do Itamaraty:Volume VII (1972-1984). Brasília: Senado Federal, 2004. p. 468-472, p. 471
46.Hale, T. N. (2015). Between interests and law. Cambridge University Press
47.ICC -INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (Paris).2019 ICC Dispute Resolution Statistics.2019. Disponível em .https://iccwbo.org/publication/icc-dispute-resolution-statistics/2019
48.ICC -INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (Paris).ICC announces 2017 figures confirming global reach and leading position for complex, high-value disputes.2018. Disponível em:https://iccwbo.org/media-wall/news-speeches/icc-arbitration-figures-reveal-new-record-cases-awards-2018/.
49.J. M. Lookofsky; Transnational Litigation and Commercial Arbitration, Transnational Juris Publications, 1992, p.559
50.Julian D. M. Lew, Loukas A. Mistelis e Stefan M. Kröll trazem outro exemplo, navisão dos autores, de repercussão prática da divergência sobre a natureza jurídicada arbitragem: “For example, the determination of the jurisdictional or non-jurisdictional nature of arbitration may have effect in the compensation forcounsel’s fees for the successful party, failing express agreement between theparties” (LEW, Julian D. M.; MISTELIS, 51.Loukas A.; KRÖLL, Stefan M.Comparative international commercial arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer, 2003. p.73).
52.Kalicki, J. , & Medeiros, S. . (2008). Investment arbitration in brazil. Arbitration International, 5(4), 847-849.
53.KALICHSZTEIN, Juliana. Homologação de sentenças e laudos arbitrais estrangeiros no Brasil. Rio de 54.Janeiro: Lumen Juris, 2002, p. 277
55.L. Craig, W. W. Park, J. Paulsson, International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration, Dobbs Ferry Oceana, 2000,§4.03
56.L. Craig, W. W. Park, J. Paulsson, International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration, Dobbs Ferry Oceana, 2000,§4.03
57.LEE, João Bosco. A aplicabilidade da Convenção do Panamásobre arbitragem comercial internacional de 1975 no sistema interamericano de arbitragem comercial internacional. Derecho del Comercio Internacional (DeCITA): Arbitrage,Buenos Aires, v. 1, n. 2, p. 190-216,2004, p.204
58.LEE, João Bosco. A aplicabilidade da Convenção do Panamásobre arbitragem comercial internacional de 1975 no sistema interamericano de arbitragem comercial internacional. Derecho del Comercio Internacional (DeCITA): Arbitrage,Buenos Aires, v. 1, n. 2, p. 190-216,2004, p.204
59.LEMES. Selma MariaFerreira. A Independência e a Imparcialidade do Árbitro e o Dever de Revelação,Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem
60.Lew, J. D. M., & Mistelis, L. A. (2003). Comparative international commercial arbitration.p77-78
61.LEW, Julian D. M.; MISTELIS, Loukas A.; KRÖLL, Stefan M. Ċomparativeinternational commercial arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer, 2003. p. 77
62.MACHADO, Rafael Bicca. A arbitragem empresarial no Brasil: uma análise pela nova sociologia econômica do direito. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2009, p. 62.
63.MARTINS, Pedro A. Batista; LEMES, Selma M. Ferreira; CARMONA, Carlos Alberto.Fundamental aspects of arbitration.Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 1999。
64.Moses, M. L. (2017). The principles and practice of international commercial arbitration. Cambridge University Press.
65.MÜSSNICH, Francisco Antunes Maciel; PERES, Fábio Henrique. Arbitrabilidadesubjetiva no direito societário e direito de recesso. In: MELO, Leonardo deCampos; BENEDUZI, Renato Resende (Coord.). A reforma da arbitragem. Riode Janeiro: Forense, 2016. p. 688
66.Nehring, C. . (2003). Arbitration and brazilian court decisions. Journal of International Arbitration.
67.NERY JÚNIOR, Nelson. Princípios do processo civil na Constituição Federal. 4 ed. rev. e aum.São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais, 1997 (Coleção Estudos de Direito de Processo Enrico Tullio Liebmann, v. 21.), p. 80
68.RUBINO-SAMMARTANO, Mauro. İl diritto dell’arbitrato. 5. ed. Padova: Cedam,2006. p. 32
69.S. Goldberg, F. Sander & N. Rogers, Dispute Resolution, Little, Brown and Company Publishing, 1992, p. 199
70.Trata-se de prazo decadencial, não obstante o dispositivo legal falar em prazoprescricional
VON ADAMEK, Marcelo Vieira. Responsabilidade civil dos administradores deS.A. e as ações correlatas. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2009. p. 429