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陈道彬
陳紅
葡語國家研究院
葡語國家研究博士學位課程(中文學制)
博士
葡萄牙語傳播研究：歷史回顧與傳播現狀分析
Research on Portuguese Language Spread: Historical Overview and Current Situation Analysis
葡萄牙語 ; 語言傳播 ; 葡語國家 ; 影響因素分析 ; 紮根理論
Portuguese language ; language spread ; Portuguese-speaking countries ; influencing factor analysis ; grounded theory
公開日期：27/2/2028
葡語是早期被傳播到海外的歐洲語言之一。儘管現有文獻對葡語傳播有所涉及，但缺乏系統性和宏觀層面的深入分析。本研究聚焦於葡語自殖民時期至當代的傳播特徵及其影響因素，旨在提供一個綜合性視角，以幫助理解葡語的歷史傳播與當前狀況。研究主要探討以下問題：殖民時期葡語海外傳播的階段與結果；當代葡語的全球語言現狀與地位；當代影響葡語傳播的主要因素。研究方法上，本研究綜合運用歷史分析法、文獻綜述法和質性研究訪談法。首先，通過歷史文獻與檔案資料，回顧新航路開辟至1974年葡萄牙放棄海外殖民地期間葡語傳播的歷史階段及其特徵。其次，基於語言傳播理論，採用文獻綜述法梳理葡語傳播的現狀及其國際語言地位與影響力，劃分葡語傳播內圈、外圈和擴展圈。最後，採用質性研究訪談法，對澳門高校葡語教師等受訪對象進行深度訪談。訪談數據採用紮根理論三級編碼步驟，使用NVivo14軟件進行分析，從中提煉出影響葡語傳播的主要因素。研究主要結論：第一，葡語的歷史傳播經歷了三個重要時期，即新航路的開辟、巴西殖民地的建立以及葡屬非洲的殖民。其中，殖民地開發模式、商業貿易和宗教活動等因素對葡語在不同地區的傳播起到了促進作用。第二，基於當代葡語的分佈現狀，初步形成了葡語傳播圈。內圈主要由葡萄牙和巴西這兩個以葡語為母語的國家組成；外圈則包括其它葡語國家；擴展圈主要涵蓋海外葡語移民社區以及海外葡語教育。這一劃分有助於深入理解葡語在全球範圍的分佈及其影響力。另一方面，文獻分析顯示，在全球語言體系中，葡萄牙語擁有較高的語言地位和國際聲譽。第三，根據紮根理論編碼結果，影響當代葡語傳播的核心因素可分為四類。分別為：語言推廣價值與活力作為葡語傳播的內在因素，反映了其在文化傳承和社會認同方面的重要性；政治經濟驅動力作為外在因素，對葡語在全球和區域的影響力深遠；語言習得與教育是促進葡語學習與推廣的直接因素，更是當代海外葡語推廣的主要手段；社交媒體與科技的發展則成為當代葡語傳播的新興因素，為其在年輕一代中的推廣提供了新渠道。總之，本研究系統梳理了葡語在不同歷史階段的傳播特徵，探討了當代葡語的國際地位以及影響其推廣的多元因素。此研究不僅為葡語的歷史傳播與當代推廣提供理論參考，還為葡語傳播策略的制定提供實踐啟示。
Portuguese is one of the earliest European languages to be disseminated overseas. Although the international spread of Portuguese has been addressed in existing literature, there remains a deficiency in systematic and macro-level analyses. This study focuses on the Portuguese language’s spread from the colonial period to the present, aiming to provide a comprehensive perspective on understanding its historical spread and current status. The research questions mainly include the overseas spread and results of Portuguese during the colonial period, the global status of Portuguese, and the main factors influencing Portuguese spread. In terms of research methodology, a combination of historical analysis, literature review, and qualitative research interviews was employed. At first, by examining historical documents and archival materials, the study reviewed the characteristics of the phases in the dissemination of Portuguese from the Great Discovery to 1974 when Portugal relinquished its overseas colonies. Secondly, based on language spread theory the current state of Portuguese language dissemination was comprehensively examined by using a literature review method. The concepts of inner circle, outer circle, and expanding circle of Portuguese are formed as well. Finally, qualitative research are conducted to analyze the key factors influencing the global promotion of Portuguese. The primary data for this study come from interviews with Portuguese language teachers at various universities in Macau. The data analysis was carried out by using grounded theory and three-level coding with the assistance of NVivo14 software to identify factors influencing the contemporary spread of Portuguese. This study presents the following main conclusions. First, the historical dissemination of the Portuguese language has undergone three significant periods, namely, the opening of new maritime routes, the establishment of the Brazilian colony, and the development of Portuguese Africa. During these phases, factors such as colonial development models, commercial trade, and religious activities have played a positive role in the expansion of Portuguese in various regions. Second, the Portuguese dissemination circles has emerged in terms of the contemporary Portuguese spread. The inner circle comprises Portugal and Brazil, the two countries where Portuguese is the native language; the outer circle includes other Portuguese-speaking countries; and the expansion circle primarily encompasses overseas Portuguese communities and Portuguese language education abroad. This classification aids in a deeper understanding of the distribution and influence of Portuguese on a global scale. Additionally, literature analysis indicates that Portuguese holds a high status and prestige within the global language system. Third, based on the results of grounded theory coding, the core factors influencing contemporary Portuguese dissemination are categorized into four types. Specifically, the value and vitality of language promotion serve as internal factors for the Portuguese spread, which reflects its significance in cultural transmission and social identity. The political and economic driving forces, as external factors, enhance the regional influence of the Portuguese. Besides, language acquisition and Portuguese education are direct factors and primary ways that facilitate the learning and promotion of Portuguese worldwide. Finally, social media and technological advancements represent emerging factors in contemporary Portuguese dissemination, providing new channels for its promotion among younger generations. In summary, this study systematically reviews the dissemination process of Portuguese across different historical stages and explores the current status of Portuguese worldwide as well as various variables affecting its promotion. The findings not only provide theoretical support for understanding the history and influencing factors of Portuguese spread but also offer practical guidance for Portuguese dissemination strategies.
2025
中文
182
致 謝 I
摘 要 II
Abstract IV
目 錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒 論 1
第一節 選題緣起 1
第二節 研究背景 3
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 研究意義 6
第二章 文獻綜述 8
第一節 語言傳播概念界定 8
第二節 語言傳播理論基礎 14
第三節 葡語傳播研究綜述 21
第四節 葡語傳播研究評述 27
第三章 研究設計 30
第一節 研究方法 30
第二節 定性研究設計 31
第三節 章節結構安排 36
第四章 殖民時期葡語傳播階段特徵 40
第一節 新航路開辟與葡語的商貿語言地位（15-16世紀） 40
第二節 殖民巴西與葡語官方語言確立（16-18世紀） 56
第三節 葡屬非洲時代到1974前後葡語推廣（19-20世紀） 69
小 結 82
第五章 當代葡語傳播現狀及其地位 83
第一節 1974年後葡語傳播圈形成 83
第二節 葡語傳播內圈 87
第三節 葡語傳播外圈 90
第四節 葡語傳播擴展圈 98
第五節 葡語國際語言地位 103
小 結 118
第六章 當代葡語傳播影響因素分析 120
第一節 訪談對象選擇 120
第二節 訪談數據收集 121
第三節 訪談數據分析 126
第四節 結果與討論 132
第七章 結 論 150
第一節 研究結論 150
第二節 研究貢獻 158
第三節 研究不足與展望 159
參考文獻 162
個人學術簡歷 178
附 錄 179
摘 要 II
Abstract IV
目 錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒 論 1
第一節 選題緣起 1
第二節 研究背景 3
第三節 研究問題 5
第四節 研究意義 6
第二章 文獻綜述 8
第一節 語言傳播概念界定 8
第二節 語言傳播理論基礎 14
第三節 葡語傳播研究綜述 21
第四節 葡語傳播研究評述 27
第三章 研究設計 30
第一節 研究方法 30
第二節 定性研究設計 31
第三節 章節結構安排 36
第四章 殖民時期葡語傳播階段特徵 40
第一節 新航路開辟與葡語的商貿語言地位（15-16世紀） 40
第二節 殖民巴西與葡語官方語言確立（16-18世紀） 56
第三節 葡屬非洲時代到1974前後葡語推廣（19-20世紀） 69
小 結 82
第五章 當代葡語傳播現狀及其地位 83
第一節 1974年後葡語傳播圈形成 83
第二節 葡語傳播內圈 87
第三節 葡語傳播外圈 90
第四節 葡語傳播擴展圈 98
第五節 葡語國際語言地位 103
小 結 118
第六章 當代葡語傳播影響因素分析 120
第一節 訪談對象選擇 120
第二節 訪談數據收集 121
第三節 訪談數據分析 126
第四節 結果與討論 132
第七章 結 論 150
第一節 研究結論 150
第二節 研究貢獻 158
第三節 研究不足與展望 159
參考文獻 162
個人學術簡歷 178
附 錄 179
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